Abstract
Environmental pollution is a serious global problem. In recent years, microorganisms have been successfully employed in bioremediation of polluted environments. Studies on microorganisms have gained momentum due to the availability of complete genome sequences for microbes in well studied ecosystems. Due to limitations in understanding the culture conditions of environmental microbes, culture independent approaches are gaining much attention in the field of bioremediation. High-throughput technologies coupled with metagenomic analyses of soil microbes have led to the identification of catabolic pathways involved in degradation of organic and inorganic contaminants in soil. The novel properties of identified gene(s) clusters suggested metagenomics studies to have a real impact in bioremediation. Identified organisms have not only proved important in development of bioremediation processes but also in the design of new biosensors to detect the presence of pollutants in the environment. With the advent of environmental arrays, it is highly possible to understand the global analysis of gene expression of soil microbes in response to environmental changes. The application of genomics in understanding soil microorganisms involved in bioremediation has been presented in this review.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India for financial support through research grant (BT/PR-8346/BCE/08/489/2006). TR thank UGC, India for providing a meritorious student research fellowship in Biosciences (No.F.4-1/2006(BSR)/5-67/2007). The Centre for Advanced Studies in Functional Genomics, The Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences and the Networking Resource Centre in Biological Sciences are gratefully acknowledged.
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Rajesh, T., Rajendhran, J., Gunasekaran, P. (2012). Genomic Technologies in Environmental Bioremediation. In: Satyanarayana, T., Johri, B. (eds) Microorganisms in Environmental Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2229-3_31
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