Skip to main content

Towards a Dyadic Computational Model of Rapport Management for Human-Virtual Agent Interaction

  • Conference paper
Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 8637))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Rapport has been identified as an important function of human interaction, but to our knowledge no model exists of building and maintaining rapport between humans and conversational agents over the long-term that operates at the level of the dyad. In this paper we leverage existing literature and a corpus of peer tutoring data to develop a framework able to explain how humans in dyadic interactions build, maintain, and destroy rapport through the use of specific conversational strategies that function to fulfill specific social goals, and that are instantiated in particular verbal and nonverbal behaviors. We demonstrate its functionality using examples from our experimental data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bargh, J.A., McKenna, K.Y., Fitzsimons, G.M.: Can you see the real me? activation and expression of the “true self” on the internet. Journal of Social Issues 58(1), 33–48 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Baumeister, R.F., Leary, M.R.: The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin 117(3), 497 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bernieri, F.J., Gillis, J.S.: Judging rapport: Employing brunswik’s lens model to study interpersonal sensitivity. In: Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement, pp. 67–88 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bernieri, F.J., Rosenthal, R.: Interpersonal coordination: Behavior matching and interactional synchrony. In: Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior, p. 401 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: Social dialogue with embodied conversational agents. In: Advances in Natural Multimodal Dialogue Systems, pp. 23–54. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Bickmore, T., Pfeifer, L., Schulman, D.: Relational agents improve engagement and learning in science museum visitors (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bickmore, T., Schulman, D.: Empirical validation of an accommodation theory-based model of user-agent relationship (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bickmore, T.W., Caruso, L., Clough-Gorr, K., Heeren, T.: it’s just like you talk to a friend’ relational agents for older adults. Interacting with Computers 17(6), 711–735 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bronstein, I., Nelson, N., Livnat, Z., Ben-Ari, R.: Rapport in negotiation the contribution of the verbal channel. Journal of Conflict Resolution 56(6), 1089–1115 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Brown, P., Levinson, S.: Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction, ed. by e. goody, 56–311 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cassell, J., Bickmore, T.: Negotiated collusion: Modeling social language and its relationship effects in intelligent agents. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 13(1-2), 89–132 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cassell, J., Bickmore, T., Billinghurst, M., Campbell, L., Chang, K., Vilhjalmsson, H., Yan, H.: Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cassell, J., Gill, A.J., Tepper, P.A.: Coordination in conversation and rapport (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Derlega, V.J., Metts, S., Petronio, S., Margulis, S.T.: Self-disclosure. Sage Publications, Inc. (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Drolet, A.L., Morris, M.W.: Rapport in conflict resolution: Accounting for how face-to-face contact fosters mutual cooperation in mixed-motive conflicts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (1), 26–50 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Festinger, L.: A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations 7(2), 117–140 (1954)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gratch, J., Okhmatovskaia, A., Lamothe, F., Marsella, S., Morales, M., van der Werf, R.J., Morency, L.-P.: Virtual rapport (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Huang, L., Morency, L.-P., Gratch, J.: Virtual rapport 2.0 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kang, S.-H., Gratch, J., Sidner, C., Artstein, R., Huang, L., Morency, L.-P.: Towards building a virtual counselor: modeling nonverbal behavior during intimate self-disclosure (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Karacora, B., Dehghani, M., Krämer-Mertens, N., Gratch, J.: The influence of virtual agents’ gender and rapport on enhancing math performance (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Moon, Y.: Intimate exchanges: Using computers to elicit self-disclosure from consumers. Journal of Consumer Research 26(4), 323–339 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ogan, A., Finkelstein, S., Walker, E., Carlson, R., Cassell, J.: Rudeness and rapport: Insults and learning gains in peer tutoring (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Papangelis, A., Zhao, R., Cassell, J.: Towards a computational architecture of dyadic rapport management for virtual agents. In: Bickmore, T., Marsella, S., Sidner, C. (eds.) IVA 2014. LNCS, vol. 8637, pp. 320–324. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rogers, C.R.: Client-centered therapy. American Psychological Association (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sidner, C.: Engagement: Looking and not looking as evidence for disengagement. In: Workshop at HRI 2012 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Spencer-Oatey, H.: (im) politeness, face and perceptions of rapport: unpackaging their bases and interrelationships (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Spencer-Oatey, H.: Culturally speaking: Culture, communication and politeness theory. Continuum Int. Publishing Group (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tajfel, H., Turner, J.C.: An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations 33, 47 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Taylor, D.A., Altman, I.: Communication in interpersonal relationships: Social penetration processes (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Tickle-Degnen, L., Rosenthal, R.: The nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates. Psychological Inquiry 1(4), 285–293 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Treger, S., Sprecher, S., Erber, R.: Laughing and liking: Exploring the interpersonal effects of humor use in initial social interactions. European Journal of Social Psychology 43(6), 532–543 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Vardoulakis, L.P., Ring, L., Barry, B., Sidner, C.L., Bickmore, T.: Designing relational agents as long term social companions for older adults (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Yu, Z., Gerritsen, D., Ogan, A., Black, A., Cassell, J.: Automatic prediction of friendship via multi-model dyadic features (August. 2013)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Zanna, M.P.: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 31. Elsevier (1999)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Zhao, R., Papangelis, A., Cassell, J. (2014). Towards a Dyadic Computational Model of Rapport Management for Human-Virtual Agent Interaction. In: Bickmore, T., Marsella, S., Sidner, C. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8637. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09767-1_62

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09767-1_62

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09766-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-09767-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics