Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in the Assessment of Executive Functioning

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Executive Functioning

Abstract

Computerized administration of clinical instruments is not an entirely new phenomenon. The first personal computers were introduced into wide use in the 1970s. Rapid adoption of computer-based testing paralleled this development. By the 1980s, the research literature was replete with considerations of the inherent advantages and limitations of automated assessment of a myriad of clinical domains. In particular, the application of computers to the evaluation of cognition has been widely studied. This body of research has generally fallen into one of two categories: (1) the translation of existing standardized tests to computerized administration and (2) the development of new computer tests and batteries for the assessment of cognitive function. Somewhere between these two categories are approaches that have adapted existing tests in a new way using computer administration. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is an example of a battery that has successfully combined standard cognitive test paradigms with novel formats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 349.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, V., Anderson, P., Northam, E., Jacobs, R., & Catroppa, C. (2001). Development of executive functions through late childhood and adolescence: An Australian sample. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20, 385–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ardila, A., & Roselli, M. (1994). Development of language, memory, and visuospatial abilities in 5- to 12-year-old children using a neuropsychological battery. Developmental Neuropsychology, 10, 97–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aron, A. R., Dowson, J. H., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2003). Methylphenidate improves response inhibition in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1465–1468.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, R., Maruff, P., Vance, A., Luk, E. S. L., Costin, J., Wood, C., et al. (2001). Abnormal executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The effect of stimulant medication and age on spatial working memory. Psychological Medicine, 31, 1107–1115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bedard, A. C., Martinussen, R., Ickowicz, A., & Tannock, R. (2004). Methylphenidate improves visual-spatial memory in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 260–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, H. J. C., Aerts, F. H. T., van Spaendonck, K. P. M., Cools, A. R., & Teunisse, J. P. (2003). Central coherence and cognitive shifting in relation to social improvement in high-functioning young adults with autism. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 502–511.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boonstra, A. M., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2005). Executive functioning in adult ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1097–1108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bramham, J., Ambery, F., Young, S., Morris, R., Russell, A., Xenitidis, K., et al. (2009). Executive functioning differences between adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder in initiation, planning, and strategy formation. Autism, 13, 245–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brophy, M., Taylor, E., & Hughes, C. (2002). To go or not to go: Inhibitory control in “hard to manage” children. Infant and Child Development, 11, 125–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, T. (2002). Online assessment: Desirable or dangerous? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 148–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, J. M., Perry, J. M., & Atlis, M. M. (2000). Validity and utility of computer-based test interpretation. Psychological Assessment, 12, 6–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Case, R. (1992). The role of frontal lobes in the regulation of cognitive development. Brain and Cognition, 20, 51–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, S. R., DelCampo, N., Dowson, J. H., Muller, U., Clark, L., Robbins, T. W., et al. (2007). Atomoxetine improved response inhibition in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 977–984.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, S. R., Hampshire, A., Muller, U., Rubia, K., DelCampo, N., Craig, K., et al. (2009). Atomoxetine modulates right inferior frontal activation during inhibitory control: A pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 550–555.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, S. R., Muller, U., Blackwell, A. D., Clark, L., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2006). Neurochemical modulation of response inhibition and probabilistic learning in humans. Science, 311, 861–863.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, S. R., Robbins, T. W., Winder-Rhodes, S. E., Muller, U., Sahakian, B. J., Blackwell, A. D., et al. (2011). Translational approaches to frontostriatal dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using a computerized neuropsychological battery. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 1192–1203.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, L., Blackwell, A. D., Aron, A. R., Turner, D. C., Dowson, J. H., Robbins, T. W., et al. (2007). Association between response inhibition and working memory in adult ADHD: A link to right frontal cortex pathology? Biological Psychiatry, 16, 1395–1401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coghill, D. R., Rhodes, S. M., & Matthews, K. (2007). The neuropsychological effects of chronic methylphenidate on drug-naïve boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 954–962.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corbett, B. A., Constantine, L. J., Hendren, R., Rocke, D., & Ozonoff, S. (2009). Examining executive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and typical development. Psychiatry Research, 166, 210–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeLuca, C. R., Wood, S. J., Anderson, V., Buchanan, J., Proffitt, T. M., Mahony, K., et al. (2003). Normative data from the Cantab. I: Development of executive function over the lifespan. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 242–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeVito, E., Blackwell, A. D., Kent, L., Ersche, K. D., Clark, L., Salmond, C. H., et al. (2008). The effects of methylphenidate on decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 64, 636–639.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doniger, G. M., Dwolatzky, T., Zucker, D. M., Chertkow, H., Crystal, H., & Schweiger, A. (2006). Computerized cognitive testing battery identifies mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia even in the presence of depressive symptoms. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 21, 28–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dowson, J. H., McLean, A., Bazanis, E., Toone, B. K., Young, S., Robbins, T. W., et al. (2004). Impaired spatial working memory in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Comparisons with performance in adults with borderline personality disorder and in control subjects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 45–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edgin, J. L., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Spatial cognition in autism spectrum disorders: Superior, impaired, or just intact? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 729–745.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, R., Sahakian, B. J., Matthews, K., Bannerjea, A., Rimmer, J., & Robbins, T. W. (1997). Effects of methylphenidate on spatial working memory and planning in healthy young adults. Psychopharmacology, 131, 196–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espy, K. A. (1997). The shape of school: Assessing executive function in preschool children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 13, 495–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fray, P. J., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (1996). Neuropsychiatry applications of CANTAB. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11, 329–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Villamisar, D., & Hughes, C. (2007). Supported employment improves cognitive performance in adults with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51, 142–150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gau, S. S., Chiu, C. D., Shang, C. Y., Cheng, A. T., & Soong, W. T. (2009). Executive functions in adolescence among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 30, 525–534.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gau, S. S., & Shang, C. Y. (2010a). Executive functions as endophenotypes in ADHD: Evidence from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 838–849.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gau, S. S., & Shang, C. Y. (2010b). Improvement of executive functions in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An open-label follow-up study with once-daily atomoxetine. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 13, 243–256.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geurts, H. M., Corbett, B. A., & Solomon, M. (2009). The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 74–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, M. C., Mostofsky, S. H., Cutting, L. E., Mahone, E. M., Astor, B. C., Denckla, M. B., et al. (2005). Subtle executive impairment in children with autism and children with ADHD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 279–293.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golden, C. J. (1981). The Luria-Nebraska Children’s Battery: Theory and formulation. In G. W. Hynd & G. E. Obrzut (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment and the school-aged child (pp. 277–302). New York: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gropper, R. J., & Tannock, R. (2009). A pilot study of working memory and academic achievement in college students with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12, 574–581.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Happe, F., Booth, R., Charlton, R., & Hughes, C. (2005). Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across domains and ages. Brain and Cognition, 61, 25–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, E. L. (2006). Evaluating the theory of executive dysfunction in autism. Developmental Review, 24, 189–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, A. K., Sahakian, B. J., Brown, R. G., Barker, R. A., Hodges, J. R., Ane, M., et al. (2003). Profile of cognitive progression in early Huntington’s disease. Neurology, 61, 1702–1706.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoare, P., & Sevar, K. (2007). The effect of discontinuation of methylphenidate on neuropsychological performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Investigation, 4, 76–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C., & Graham, A. (2002). Measuring executive functions in childhood: Problems and solutions. Adolescent Mental Health, 3, 131–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C., Plumet, M. H., & Leboyer, M. (1998). Toward a cognitive phenotype for autism: Increased prevalence of executive dysfunction and superior spatial span amongst siblings of children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C., Plumet, M. H., & Leboyer, M. (1999). Towards a cognitive phenotype for autism: Increased prevalence of executive dysfunction and superior spatial span amongst siblings of children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 705–718.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C., Russell, J., & Robbins, T. W. (1994). Evidence for executive dysfunction in autism. Neuropsychologia, 32, 477–492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jakala, P., Riekkinen, M., Sirvio, J., Koivisto, E., Kejonen, K., Vanhanen, M., et al. (1999). Guanfacine, but not clonidine, improves planning and working memory performance in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology, 20, 460–470.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kempton, S., Vance, A., Maruff, P., Luk, E., Costin, J., & Pantelis, C. (1999). Executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Stimulant medication and better executive function performance in children. Psychological Medicine, 29, 527–538.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klingberg, T. (1997). Concurrent performance of two working memory tasks: Potential mechanisms of interference. Cerebral Cortex, 8, 593–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klingberg, T., Forssberg, J., & Westerberg, H. (2002). Increased brain activity in frontal and parietal cortex underlies the development of visuospatial working memory capacity during childhood. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 1–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lajiness, R., & Menard, P. (2008). Brief report: An autistic spectrum subtype revealed through familial psychopathology coupled with cognition in ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 982–987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landa, R. J., & Goldberg, M. C. (2005). Language, social, and executive functions in high functioning autism: A continuum of performance. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 557–573.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, K. W., Sahakian, B. J., Quinn, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (1995). Comparison of executive and visuospatial memory function in Huntington’s disease and dementia of Alzheimer type matched for degree of dementia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 58, 598–606.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, A. D., Hodges, J. R., Rosser, A. E., Kershaw, A., French-Constant, C., Rubinsztein, D. C., et al. (1998). Evidence for specific cognitive deficits in preclinical Huntington’s disease. Brain, 121, 1329–1341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lijffijt, M., Kenemans, J. L., Leon, J., Verbaten, M. N., & van Engeland, J. (2005). A meta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 216–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, C., & Rabbitt, P. (1998). Test/re-test reliability of the CANTAB and ISPOCD neuropsychological batteries: Theoretical and practical issues. Neuropsychologia, 36, 915–923.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luciana, M., & Nelson, C. A. (1998). The functional emergence of prefrontally-guided working memory systems in four- to eight-year-old children. Neuropsychologia, 36, 273–293.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manly, T., Anderson, V., Nimmo-Smith, I., Turner, A., Watson, P., & Robertson, I. H. (2001). The differential assessment of children’s attention: The test of everyday attention for children (TEA-Ch), normative sample and ADHD performance. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 1065–1081.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinussen, R., Hayden, J., Hogg-Johnson, S., & Tannock, R. (2005). A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 377–384.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattila, M. L., Kielinen, M., Jussila, K., Linna, S. L., Bloigu, R., Ebeling, H., et al. (2007). An epidemiological and diagnostic study of Asperger syndrome according to four sets of diagnostic criteria. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 636–646.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, A., Dowson, J. H., Toone, B. K., Young, S., Bazanis, E., Robbins, T. W., et al. (2004). Characteristic neurocognitive profile associated with adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine, 34, 681–692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, M., Calloway, P., & Sahakian, B. J. (2000). Amelioration of specific working memory deficits by methylphenidate in a case of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Psychophar-macology, 14, 299–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, M., Goodyear, I. M., & Sahakian, B. J. (2004). Methylphenidate improves working memory and set-shifting in ADHD: Relationships to baseline memory capacity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 293–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller, U., Clark, L., Lam, M. L., Moore, R. M., Murphy, C. L., & Richmond, N. K. (2005). Lack of effects of guanfacine on executive and memory functions in healthy male volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 182, 205–213.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, A. M., Downes, J. J., Sahakian, B. J., Polkey, C. E., & Robbins, T. W. (1990). Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia, 28, 1021–1034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, A. M., Doyon, J., Petrides, M., & Evans, A. C. (1996). Planning and spatial working memory examined with positron emission tomography. European Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 353–364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, A. M., Roberts, A. C., Hodges, J. R., Summers, B. A., Polkey, C. E., & Robbins, T. W. (1993). Contrasting mechanisms of impaired attentional set-shifting in patients with frontal lobe damage or Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 116, 1159–1179.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozonoff, S. (1997). Components of executive function in autism and other disorders. In J. Russell (Ed.), Autism as an executive disorder (pp. 179–211). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozonoff, S., Cook, I., Coon, H., Dawson, G., Joseph, R. M., Klin, A., et al. (2004). Performance on Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery subtests sensitive to frontal lobe function in people with autistic disorder: Evidence from the collaborative programs of excellence in autism network. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 139–150.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perner, J., & Lang, B. (1999). Theory of mind and executive function: Is there a developmental relationship. In S. Baron-Cohen, T. Tager-Flusberg, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Understanding other minds: Perspectives from developmental neuroscience (pp. 150–181). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabbitt, P., & Lowe, C. (2000). Patterns of cognitive aging. Psychological Research, 63, 308–316.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman, S., Sahakian, B. J., Hodges, J. R., Rogers, R. D., & Robbins, T. W. (1999). Specific cognitive deficits in mild frontal variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain, 122, 1469–1493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, D. C., Fleck, N. L., Shneerson, J. M., & File, S. E. (2004). The cognitive-enhancing properties of modafinil are limited in non-sleep-deprived middle-age volunteers. Pharmacology and Biochemical Behavior, 77, 547–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, D. C., Shneerson, J. M., Plaha, K. K., & File, S. E. (2003). Modafinil affects mood but not cognitive function in healthy young volunteers. Human Psychopharmacology, 18, 163–173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, D. C., Viswanath, A., Bharania, P., Elsabagh, S. M., Hartely, D. E., Shneerson, J. M., et al. (2005). Does modafinil enhance cognitive performance in young volunteers who are not sleep deprived? Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 25, 175–179.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, S. M., Coghill, D. R., & Matthews, K. (2004). Methylphenidate restores visual memory but not working memory function in attention deficit-hyperkinetic disorder. Psychopharmacology, 175, 319–330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, S. M., Coghill, D. R., & Matthews, K. (2005). Neuropsychological effects of methylphenidate in stimulant drug-naïve boys with hyperkinetic disorder. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, S. M., Coghill, D. R., & Matthews, K. (2006). Acute neuropsychological effects of methylphenidate in stimulant drug-naïve boys with ADHD II-broader executive and nonexecutive domains. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1184–1194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, T. W. (1996). Dissociating executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 351, 1463–1471.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, T. W., James, M., Owen, A. M., Sahakian, B. J., Lawrence, A. D., McInnes, L., et al. (1998). A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers: Implications for theories of executive functioning and cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 474–490.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, T. W., James, M., Owen, A. M., Sahakian, B. J., McInnes, L., & Rabbitt, P. (1994). Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): A factor analytic study of a large sample of normal elderly volunteers. Dementia, 5, 266–281.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, S. J. (1999). Executive functions in young children with autism. Child Development, 70, 817–832.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahakian, B. J. (1990). Computerized assessment of neuropsychological function in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 5, 211–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahakian, B. J., & Owen, A. M. (1992). Computerized assessment in neuropsychiatry using CANTAB: Discussion paper. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 85, 399–400.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlegel, R. E., & Gilliland, K. (2007). Development and quality assurance of computer-based assessment batteries. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22S, S49–S61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seidman, L., Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., & Doyle, A. E. (2005). Learning disabilities and executive dysfunction in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 15, 544–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinzig, J., Morsch, D., Bruning, N., Schmidt, M. H., & Lehmkuhl, G. (2008). Inhibition, flexibility, working memory, and planning in autism spectrum disorders with and without comorbid ADHD-symptoms. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, S. D., Minshew, N., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (2007). Spatial working memory deficits in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 605–612.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stuss, D. T. (1992). Biological and psychological development of executive functions. Brain and Cognition, 20, 8–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teunisse, J. P., Cools, A. R., van Spaendonck, K. P. M., Aerts, F. H. T., & Berger, H. J. C. (2001). Cognitive styles in high-functioning adolescents with autistic disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 55–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, D. C., Blackwell, A. D., Dowson, J. H., McLean, A., & Sahakian, B. J. (2005). Neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate in adults attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology, 178, 286–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, D. C., Clark, L., Dowson, J. H., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2004). Modafinil improves cognitive and response inhibition in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 1031–1040.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, D. C., Robbins, T. W., Clark, L., Aron, A. R., Dowson, J. H., & Sahakian, B. J. (2003). Relative lack of cognitive effects of methylphenidate in elderly male volunteers. Psychopharmacology, 168, 455–464.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K., & Seidman, L. J. (2007). Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 1361–1369.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vance, A. L., Maruff, P., & Barnett, R. (2003). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type: Better executive function performance with longer-term psychostimulant medication. Australian New Zealand Psychiatry, 37, 570–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, R., Husain, M., Hodgson, T. L., Harrison, J., & Kennard, C. (1998). Saccadic eye movement and working memory deficits following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 36, 1141–1159.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, L. H. A., Rogers, R. D., Lawrence, A. D., Sahakian, B. J., Rosser, A. E., & Robbins, T. W. (2000). Impaired planning but intact decision making in early Huntington’s disease: Implications for specific fronto-striatal pathology. Neuropsychologia, 38, 1112–1125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wild, K., Howieson, D., Webbe, F., Seelye, A., & Kaye, J. (2008). The status of computerized cognitive testing in aging: A systematic review. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 4, 428–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336–1346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winder-Rhodes, S. E., Chamberlain, S. R., Idris, M., Robbins, T. W., Sahakian, B. J., & Muller, U. (2009). Effects of modafinil and prazosin on cognitive and physiological functions in healthy volunteers. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 24, 1649–1657.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witwer, A. N., & Lecavalier, L. (2008). Examining the validity of autism spectrum disorder subtypes. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1611–1624.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA

    Katherine V. Wild & Erica D. Musser

Authors
  1. Katherine V. Wild
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erica D. Musser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katherine V. Wild .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neurology, Learning and Behavior Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

    Sam Goldstein

  2. University of Virginia Curry School of Education, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

    Jack A. Naglieri

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wild, K.V., Musser, E.D. (2014). The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in the Assessment of Executive Functioning. In: Goldstein, S., Naglieri, J. (eds) Handbook of Executive Functioning. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8106-5_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation