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Identification and genetic diversity of two invasive Pissodes spp. Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their introduced range in the southern hemisphere

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Abstract

During the first half of the twentieth century, two accidental cases of introduction of Pissodes weevils were recorded from the southern hemisphere. The weevils in South Africa were identified as the deodar weevil (Pissodes nemorensis) and those in South America as the small banded pine weevil (Pissodes castaneus). Wide distribution of the two species in their invasive range, general difficulty in identifying some Pissodes spp., and the varying feeding and breeding behaviours of the species in South Africa has necessitated better evidence of species identity and genetic diversity of both species and population structure of the species in South Africa. Barcoding and the Jerry-to-Pat region of the COI gene were investigated. Morphometric data of the South African species was analysed. Our results confirmed the introduction of only one Pissodes species of North American origin to South Africa. However, this species is not P. nemorensis, but an unrecognized species of the P. strobi complex or a hybrid between P. strobi and P. nemorensis. Only P. castaneus, of European origin, was identified from South America. We identified ten mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from South Africa with evidence of moderate genetic structure among geographic populations. Terminal leader and bole-feeding weevils did not differ at the COI locus. A single haplotype was identified from populations of P. castaneus in South America. Results of the present study will have implications on quarantine, research and management of these insect species.

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Acknowledgments

We thank members of Tree Protection Co-operative Program (TPCP), DST-National Research Foundation (NRF) and the University of Pretoria, South Africa for financial support. Kevin Dodds (US Forest Service, USA), Maria Lombardero (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain), Rodrigo Ahumada (Bioforest SA, Concepción, Chile), Marcos Beeche (SAG, Chile), Cecilia Ruiz (Argentina) and Laura Amaral (Tacuarembó Department, Uruguay) are acknowledged for providing dead insect specimens. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Mesfin Wondafrash, Jeff Garnas & Brett P. Hurley

  2. School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

    Mesfin Wondafrash

  3. Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Bernard Slippers

  4. INRA UR633 Zoologie Forestière, 45075, Orléans, France

    Géraldine Roux

  5. Université d’Orléans, 45075, Orléans, France

    Géraldine Roux

  6. Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jiri Foit

  7. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 5320 - 122 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada

    David W. Langor

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  1. Mesfin Wondafrash
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Correspondence to Mesfin Wondafrash.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10530_2016_1159_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

ESM 1 Sampling areas, GPS coordinates and number of specimens used for genetic and morphometric studies of the Pissodes sp. in South Africa (PDF 110 kb)

10530_2016_1159_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

ESM 2 Species, number, collection locality and country information of the non-South African specimens of which the Jerry-to-Pat and barcoding region of COI gene was sequenced (PDF 96 kb)

10530_2016_1159_MOESM3_ESM.pdf

ESM 3 Estimates of net sequence divergence between different Pissodes spp. based on sequences of the Jerry-to-Pat region of the COI gene (PDF 456 kb)

10530_2016_1159_MOESM4_ESM.pdf

ESM 4 Estimates of net sequence divergence between different Pissodes spp. based on sequences of the barcoding region of the COI gene (PDF 435 kb)

ESM 5 Mean ± SE and range of morphometric characters of adults of the Pissodes sp. in South Africa (PDF 202 kb)

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Wondafrash, M., Slippers, B., Garnas, J. et al. Identification and genetic diversity of two invasive Pissodes spp. Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their introduced range in the southern hemisphere. Biol Invasions 18, 2283–2297 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1159-5

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