Skip to main content

Academic Staff Identity in Widening Participation Programs

  • Living reference work entry
  • Latest version View entry history
  • First Online:
Widening Participation in Higher Education

Abstract

Enabling educators work in sub-bachelor university preparation programs that form part of the Australian response to equity through widening participation for students from groups historically underrepresented in university demographics. Little is known about the experiences and academic identities of enabling educators and, against the backdrop of neoliberal changes in higher education, this lack of research is both problematic and at odds with the growing body of research examining academic identities more broadly. There is, however, a growing interest in research that draws on enabling educators’ own voices and experiences to examine their academic identities. The chapter reviews current research, including the findings of a recent phenomenographic study of variations in enabling academic identity to explore concepts of enabling educators’ academic identity. The review generates a broad description of enabling educators as diverse and marginalized academics, who, as student-focused educators, facilitate student development of academic and non-academic capabilities, improving equity in university participation. Despite these academics’ positive impact on equity, factors inherent in equity programs negatively impact perceptions of enabling educators’ academic identity and productivity, marginalizing these academics and devaluing their contributions to both equity and pedagogy in higher education. This potential for marginalization calls for better acknowledgement of enabling educators’ academic status and work, in particular, consideration of their workload, recognition of the student-centered concepts of pedagogy and curriculum being developed within enabling education, and support for enabling research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adler, C., and C. Lalonde. 2020. Identity, agency and institutional work in higher education: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 15 (2): 121–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agosti, C. I., and E. Bernat. 2018. University pathway programs: Types, origins, aims and defining traits. In University Pathway Programs: Local responses within a growing global trend, eds, C. I. Agosti and E. Bernat, 3-25. Springer Nature.

    Google Scholar 

  • Åkerlind, G.S. 2005. Learning about phenomenography: Interviewing, data analysis and the qualitative research paradigm. In Doing developmental phenomenography, ed. J.A. Bowden and P. Green, 63–73. Melbourne: RMIT University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012. Variation and commonality in phenomenographic research methods. Higher Education Research & Development 31 (1): 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2011.642845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altbach, P.G. 2013. Access means inequality. In The international imperative in higher education: Global perspectives in Higher Education, ed. P.G. Altbach, 21–24. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-338-6_5.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, R.D. 2020. The German (Humboldtian) university tradition. In The international encyclopedia of higher education systems and institutions, 546–551. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Arvaja, M. 2018. Tensions and striving for coherence in an academic’s professional identity work. Teaching in Higher Education 23 (3): 291–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2017.1379483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, S., E. Irwin, E. Hamilton, and H. Birman. 2022. What do we know about enabling education as an alternative pathway into Australian higher education, and what more do we need to know? A meta-scoping study. Research Papers in Education 37 (3): 321–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2020.1849369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, A., S.C. Motta, E. Hamilton, C. Burgess, B. Relf, K. Gray, S. Leroy-Dyer, and J. Albright. 2016. Enabling pedagogies: A participatory conceptual mapping of practices at The University of Newcastle, Australia. Centre of Excellence for Equity in Higher Education (CEEHE), University of Newcastle. https://www.newcastle.edu.au/research-andinnovation/centre/ceehe/publications

  • Bradley, D., P. Noonan, H. Nugent, and B. Scales. 2008. Review of Australian higher education: Final report. Canberra: Australian Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunn, R. 2019. We need to help students discover themselves and see into the life of things. In Transitioning students into higher education, ed. A. Jones, A. Olds, and J.G. Lisciandro, 151–160. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelló, M., L. McAlpine, A. Sala-Bubaré, K. Inouye, and I. Skakni. 2021. What perspectives underlie ‘researcher identity’? A review of two decades of empirical studies. Higher Education 81 (3): 567–590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chojenta, P. 2017. Students in enabling programs need support not deterrents. International Studies in Widening Participation 4 (1): 86–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Cibangu, S.K., and M. Hepworth. 2016. The uses of phenomenology and phenomenography: A critical review. Library & Information Science Research 38 (2): 148–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cope, C. 2004. Ensuring validity and reliability in phenomenographic research using the analytical framework of a structure of awareness. Qualitative Research Journal 4 (2): 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Côté, J.E., and C.G. Levine. 2014. Identity, formation, agency, and culture: A social psychological synthesis. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis Group.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, N. 2014. Practical and profound: Multi-layered benefits of a university enabling program and implications for higher education. International Studies in Widening Participation 1 (2): 15–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, N., and S. Johns. 2018. An academic’s role? Supporting student wellbeing in pre-university enabling programs. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice 15 (3): 2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, N., A. Olds, J. Lisciandro, M. Jaceglav, M. Westacott, and L. Osenieks. 2018. Emotional labour demands in enabling education: A qualitative exploration of the unique challenges and protective factors. Student Success 9 (1): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.5204/ssj.v9i1.430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, N., S. Kift, and L. Jarvis. 2019. Supporting student mental wellbeing in enabling education: Practices, pedagogies and a philosophy of care. In Transitioning students into higher education, ed. A. Jones, A. Olds, and J.G. Lisciandro, 161–170. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, B.K. 2018. Contestable professional academic identity of those who teach research methodology. International Journal of Research & Method in Education 41 (5): 548–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. 2009. Transforming Australia’s higher education system. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devlin, M. 2013. Effective university leadership and management of learning and teaching in a widening participation context: Findings from two national Australian studies. Tertiary Education and Management 19 (3): 233–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugas, D., A.E. Stich, L.N. Harris, and K.H. Summers. 2020. ‘I’m being pulled in too many different directions’: Academic identity tensions at regional public universities in challenging economic times. Studies in Higher Education 45 (2): 312–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engstrom, C., and V. Tinto. 2008. Access without support is not opportunity. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 40 (1): 46–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flecknoe, S.J., J.K. Choate, E.A. Davis, Y.M. Hodgson, and P.A. Johanesen. 2017. Redefining academic identity in an evolving higher education landscape. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice 14 (2): 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson-Brooks, C. 2021. Marking as emotional labour: A discussion of the affective impact of assessment feedback on enabling educators. Access: Critical Explorations of Equity in Higher Education 8 (1): 110–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbaut, E., and K.M. Geven. 2019. What works to reduce inequalities in higher education? A systematic review of the (quasi-) experimental literature on outreach and financial aid. In A systematic review of the (quasi-) experimental literature on outreach and financial aid (April 2, 2019). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 8802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, A. 2021. You were always one to bring home the strays: A caring teacher’s journey. Access: Critical explorations of equity in higher education 8 (1): 59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasperiuniene, J., and V. Zydziunaite. 2019. A systematic literature review on professional identity construction in social media. SAGE Open, 9(1): 2158244019828847

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis, L. 2021. Try before you buy: Using enabling programs to negotiate the risks of higher education. Australian Journal of Adult Learning 61 (1): 26–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, K., G. Mann, L. Mullaney, and B. Kumar. 2021. The identity conga line: How diverse lecturers perform the enabling dance. Access: Critical Explorations of Equity in Higher Education 8 (1): 45–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M., Cowin, L. S., Wilson, I., and H. Young. 2012. Professional identity and nursing: Contemporary theoretical developments and future research challenges. International Nursing Review 59 (4): 562–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Laiho, A., A. Jauhiainen, and A. Jauhiainen. 2020. Being a teacher in a managerial university: Academic teacher identity. Teaching in Higher Education 27: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1716711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, J., I. Holmström, and U. Rosenqvist. 2003. Professional artist, good Samaritan, servant and co-ordinator: Four ways of understanding the anaesthetist’s work. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 47 (7): 787–793. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2003.00151.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisciandro, J.G. 2019. Introduction: Challenges for educators. In Transitioning students into higher education, ed. A. Jones, A. Olds, and J.G. Lisciandro, 125–126. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, G. 2021. I’m hearing voices: A multivocal, autoethnographic study into constructing a holistic enabling educator identity. Access: Critical Explorations of Equity in Higher Education 8 (1): 6–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marton, F., and S. Booth. 1997. Learning and awareness. Mahwah: L. Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, N. M., Clerigo, D. F. F., Schaefer, F. J. E., and J. G. Soriano. 2020. A phenomenographic study: Exploring the variations of registered nurses’ perceived roles and experiences as HIV counselors. Enfermería Clínica 30: 216–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall, D., D. Western, and M. Petrakis. 2020. Opportunities for change: What factors influence non-traditional students to enrol in higher education? Australian Journal of Adult Learning 60 (1): 89–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, J., and M. Devlin. 2015. Widening participation in Australia: Lessons on equity, standards, and institutional leadership. In Widening higher education participation: A global perspective, ed. M. Shah, A. Bennett, and E. Southgate, 161–179. Amsterdam: Elsevier Chandos.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, J., T. Pitman, M. Devlin, S. Trinidad, A. Harvey, and M. Brett. 2018. The use of enabling programs as a pathway to higher education by disadvantaged students in Australia. In University pathway programs: Local responses within a growing global trend, ed. C. Agosti and E. Bernat. Cham: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. 2019. Where does the time go? An academic workload case study at an Australian university. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 41 (6): 633–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motta, S. C., and A. Bennett. 2018. Pedagogies of care, care-full epistemological practice and other caring subjectivities in enabling education. Teaching in Higher Education 23 (5): 631–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, R., and R. James. 2015. Systemic equity challenges: An overview of the role of Australian universities in student equity and social inclusion. In Widening higher education participation: A global perspective, ed. M. Shah, A. Bennett, and E. Southgate, 1–13. Amsterdam: Elsevier Chandos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niesel, C., Buys, L., Nili, A., and E. Miller. 2020. Retirement can wait: A phenomenographic exploration of professional baby-boomer engagement in non-standard employment. Ageing and Society 42 (6): 1378–1402. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X20001555

  • O’Rourke, J.A., B. Relf, N. Crawford, and S. Sharp. 2019. Are we all on course? A curriculum mapping comparison of three Australian university open-access enabling programs. Australian Journal of Adult Learning 59 (1): 7–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitman, T. 2015. Unlocking the gates to the peasants: Are policies of “fairness” or “inclusion” more important for equity in higher education? Cambridge Journal of Education 45 (2): 281–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2014.970514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2017. Widening participation in higher education: A play in five acts. Australian Universities’ Review 59 (1): 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Priest, A.M., and J.K. McDougall. 2021. Editorial: Speaking for ourselves. International Studies in Widening Participation 8 (1): 1–5. Retrieved from https://novaojs.newcastle.edu.au/ceehe/index.php/iswp/article/view/149/150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roche, T., and S. Syme. 2018. Emerging trends and future directions of enabling education. Student Success 9 (1): 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schendel, R., and T. McCowan. 2016. Expanding higher education systems in low- and middle-income countries: The challenges of equity and quality. Higher Education 72 (4): 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0028-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stenfors‐Hayes, T., Hult, H., and M.A. Dahlgren. 2013. A phenomenographic approach to research in medical education. Medical Education 47 (3), 261–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, P. 2020. Not quite university people? Academics teaching on foundation studies programmes in New Zealand universities. Higher Education Research & Development 39 (5): 1013–1025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Syme, S., T. Roche, E. Goode, and E. Crandon. 2021. Transforming lives: The power of an Australian enabling education. Higher Education Research & Development 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1990222.

  • Tan, Y.H., and S.C. Tan. 2020. Designing the phenomenographic study and constituting the outcome spaces. In Conceptions of knowledge creation, knowledge and knowing, ed. Y.H. Tan and S.C. Tan, 47–68. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3564-2_4.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, G. 2014. Closing the policy–practice gap for low-SES students in higher education: The pedagogical challenge. Higher Education Research and Development 33 (4): 807–820

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinto, V. 2014. Reflective practice: Tinto’s South Africa lectures. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa 2 (2): 5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vignoles, V.L. 2018. Identity: Personal and social. In The Oxford handbook of personality and social psychology, ed. K. Deaux and M. Snyder, 289–316. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walton, E. 2015. Global concerns and local realities: The “making education inclusive” conference in Johannesburg. Intervention in School and Clinic 50 (3): 173–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451214542039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, M. 2018. Feeling, being, and the sense of self: A new perspective on identity, affect and narcissistic disorders. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, E.A. 2017. On the stability of identity interacting with the impermanence of time. In Identity flexibility during adulthood, ed. J.D. Sinnott, 3–17. Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Willans, J. 2021. “Will they see through me?”: The exploration of disorienting dilemmas that contributed to the transformation of an enabling educator. Access: Critical Explorations of Equity in Higher Education 8 (1): 83–96.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Russell Crank .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Crank, R. (2023). Academic Staff Identity in Widening Participation Programs. In: Padró, F.F., Green, J.H., Bull, D. (eds) Widening Participation in Higher Education. University Development and Administration. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9553-8_25-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9553-8_25-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-9553-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-9553-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Academic Staff Identity in Widening Participation Programs
    Published:
    18 September 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9553-8_25-2

  2. Original

    Academic Staff Identity in Widening Participation Programs
    Published:
    02 August 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9553-8_25-1