Abstract
Cancer still represents one of the most common causes of death, despite remarkable oncology progresses. Based on the new research findings, this up-to-date chapter is reviewing the literature data regarding the hallmarks of cancer cells and their study provided by the use of animal models. Interesting data have arisen in scientific literature regarding functional genomics and proteomics, which provide novel knowledge useful in the development of modern treatment strategies. Considering the theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs), this distinct population is responsible for tumor promotion, growth, metastasis, recurrences, chemoresistance, and drug resistance to the routine oncological and radiotherapy treatment protocols, and, as a consequence, the mechanisms involved in these processes are currently under research. An important mechanism involved in tumor progression, in association to stemness, is represented by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), used by cancer cells to improve their invasive abilities. Another well-studied molecular phenotype in cancer research is that of microsatellite instability (MSI), which is important in colorectal cancer and endometrial or gastric cancer subtyping and management. Cancer research may use cell lines, experimental models, and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTXs) to assess the therapeutic performance of potential anticancer agents. Currently, the treatment and diagnosis of several types of cancer can be significantly improved by using nanomaterials, considering their biological and chemical properties. Nanomedicine has a huge potential in oncology, opening promising perspectives in cancer diagnosis and management.
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Amalinei, C., Grigoraș, A., Pricope, DL., Pricop, BI. (2023). Cancer Study: Cell to the Animal Models. In: Pathak, S., Banerjee, A., Bisgin, A. (eds) Handbook of Animal Models and its Uses in Cancer Research. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3824-5_2
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