Abstract
Interferometric gravitational wave detectors are limited by quantum noise over a large fraction of the observational band. Therefore any method to mitigate quantum noise would significantly improve their sensitivity. In this section we introduce the interferometer standard quantum limit, and we give an overview of the theoretical models and experimental methods so far developed to surpass it.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Miao H, Adhikari RX, Ma Y, Pang B, Chen Y (2017) Towards the fundamental quantum limit of linear measurements of classical signals. Phys Rev Lett 119:050801
Tsang M, Wiseman HM, Caves CM (2011) Fundamental quantum limit to waveform estimation. Phys Rev Lett 106:090401
Walls DF, Milburn G (2008) Quantum optics, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin
Caves CM, Schumaker BL (1985) New formalism for two-photon quantum optics. I – Quadrature phases and squeezed states. II – Mathematical foundation and compact notation. Phys Rev A 31:3068
Miao H (2010) Exploring macroscopic quantum mechanics in optomechanical devices, PhD University of Western Australia
Bachor H-A, Ralph TC (2004) Guide to experiments in quantum optics. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Glauber RJ (1963) Photon correlations. Phys Rev Lett 10:84
Glauber RJ (1963) The quantum theory of optical coherence. Phys Rev 130:2529
Glauber RJ (1963) Coherent and inchoherent states of radiation field. Phys Rev 131:2766
Wigner EP (1932) On the quantum correction for thermodynamic equilibrium. Phys Rev 40:749
Leonhardt U (1997) Measuring the quantum state of light. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Dwyer S et al (2013) Squeezed quadrature fluctuations in a gravitational wave detector using squeezed light. Opt Express 21:19047
Dwyer SE (2013) Quantum noise reduction using squeezed states in LIGO. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
McKenzie K, Mikhailov E, Goda K, Lam PK, Grosse N, Gray M, Mavalvala N, McClelland D (2005) Quantum noise locking. J Opt B 7:S421S428
Takeno Y, Yukawa M, Yonezawa H, Furusawa A (2007) Observation of − 9 dB quadrature squeezing with improvement of phase stability in homodyne measurement. Opt Exp 15:7
Vahlbruch H et al (2006) Coherent control of vacuum squeezing in the gravitational-wave detection band. Phys Rev Lett 97:011101
Yuen HP, Chan VWS (1983) Noise in homodyne and heterodyne detection. Opt Lett 8:177
McKenzie K, Gray MB, Lam PK, McClelland DE (2007) Technical limitations to homodyne detection at audio frequencies. Appl Opt 46:3389
Stefszky MS, Mow-Lowry CM, Chua SSY, Shaddock DA, Buchler BC, Vahlbruch H, Khalaidovski A, Schnabel R, Lam PK, McClelland DE (2013) Balanced homodyne detection of optical quantum states at audio-band frequencies and below. Class Quant Grav 29:145015
Steinlechner S et al (2015) Local-oscillator noise coupling in balanced homodyne readout for advanced gravitational wave detectors. Phys Rev D 92:072009
Yang W, Jin X, Yu X, Zheng Y, Peng K (2017) Dependence of measured audio-band squeezing level on local oscillator intensity noise. Opt Express 25:24462
Grote H, Weinert M, Adhikari RX, Affeldt C, Kringel V, Leong J, Lough J, Lück H, Schreiber E, Strain KA, Vahlbruch H, Wittel H (2016) High power and ultra-low-noise photodetector for squeezed-light enhanced gravitational wave detectors. Opt Express 24:20107
Vahlbruch H, Mehmet M, Danzmann K, Schnabel R (2016) Detection of 15 dB squeezed states of light and their application for the absolute calibration of photoelectric quantum efficiency. Phys Rev Lett 117:110801
Reitze D et al (2019) Cosmic explorer: the U.S. contribution to gravitational-wave astronomy beyond LIGO. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.04833
Mansell GL, McRae TG, Altin PA, Yap MJ, Ward RL, Slagmolen BJJ, Shaddock DA, McClelland DE (2018) Observation of squeezed light in the 2 μm region. Phys Rev Lett 120:203603
Fritschel P, Evans M, Frolov V (2014) Balanced homodyne readout for quantum limited gravitational wave detectors. Opt Express 222:4224
The LIGO collaboration (2018) Instrument Science White Paper, LIGO-T1800133
Hild S, Grote H, Degallaix J, Chelkowski S, Danzmann K, Freise A, Hewitson M, Hough J, Luck H, Prijatelj M, Strain KA, Smith JR, Willke B (2009) DC-readout of a signal-recycled gravitational wave detector. Class Quant Grav 26:055012
Slusher R, Hollberg L, Yurke B, Mertz J, Valley J (1985) Observation of squeezed states generated by four-wave mixing in an optical cavity. Phys Rev Lett 55:2409
Shelby RM, Levenson MD, Perlmutter SH, DeVoe RG, Walls DF (1986) Broad-band parametric deamplification of quantum noise in an optical fiber. Phys Rev Lett 57:691
Gerry CC, Knight PL (2004) Introductory quantum optics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Wu L-A, Kimble HJ, Hall JL, Wu H (1986) Generation of squeezed states by parametric down conversion. Phys Rev Lett 57:2520
Machida S, Yamamoto Y, Itaya Y (1987) Observation of amplitude squeezing in a constant-current–driven semiconductor laser. Phys Rev Lett 58:1000
McCormick CF, Boyer V, Arimondo E, Lett PD (2007) Strong relative intensity squeezing by four-wave mixing in rubidium vapor. Opt Lett 32:178
Levenson M, Shelby R (1985) Experimentalists’ difficulties in optical squeezed state generation. In: Hänsch T, Shen Y (eds) Laser spectroscopy VII. Springer series in optical sciences, vol 49 Springer, Berlin, p 250
Galatola P, Lugiato LA, Porreca MG, Tombesi P, Leuchs G (1991) System control by variation of the squeezing phase. Opt Commun 85:95
Slusher RE, Grangier P, LaPorta A, Yurke B, Potasek MJ (1987) Pulsed squeezed light. Phys Rev Lett 59:2566
Finger MA, Iskhakov TS, Joly NY, Chekhova MV, Russell PSJ (2015) Raman-free, noble-gas-filled photonic-crystal fiber source for ultrafast, very bright twin-beam squeezed vacuum. Phys Rev Lett 115:143602
Vogl U, Joly NY, Russell PSJ, Marquardt C, Leuchs G (2015) Proceedings of conference on lasers and electo-optics/European quantum electronics conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC), Munich, 21–25 June
Schottky W, Spehnke E (1937) Wiss. Veröffentlichungen aus den Siemens-Werken 16:1
Richardson WH, Yamamoto Y (1991) Quantum correlation between the junction-voltage fluctuation and the photon-number fluctuation in a semiconductor laser. Phys Rev Lett 66:1963
Bramati A, Jost V, Marin F, Giacobino E (1997) Quantum noise models for semiconductor lasers: is there a missing noise source? J Mod Opt 44:1929
Poizat J-P, Chang T, Ripoll O, Grangier P (1998) Spatial quantum noise of laser diodes. J Opt Soc Am B 15:1757
Polzik ES, Carri J, Kimble HJ (1992) Spectroscopy with squeezed light. Phys Rev Lett 68:3020
Breitenbach G, Schiller S, Mlynek J (1997) Measurement of the quantum states of squeezed light. Nature 387:471
Lam PK, Ralph TC, Buchler BC, McClelland DE, Bachor H-A, Gao J (1999) Optimization and transfer of vacuum squeezing from an optical parametric oscillator. J Opt B Quant Semiclass Opt 1:469
Schneider K, Lang M, Mlynek J, Schiller S (1998) Generation of strongly squeezed continuous-wave light at 1064 nm. Opt Express 2:59
Suzuki S, Yonezawa H, Kannari F, Sasaki M, Furusawa A (2006) 7 dB quadrature squeezing at 860 nm with periodically poled KTiOPO4. Appl Phys Lett 89:061116
Takeno Y, Yukawa M, Yonezawa H, Furusawa A (2007) Observation of − 9 dB quadrature squeezing with improvement of phase stability in homodyne measurement. Opt Express 15:4321
Vahlbruch H, Mehmet M, Chelkowski S, Hage B, Franzen A, Lastzka N, Goßler S, Danzmann K, Schnabel R (2008) Observation of squeezed light with 10-dB quantum-noise reduction. Phys Rev Lett 100:033602
Eberle T, Steinlechner S, Bauchrowitz J, Händchen V, Vahlbruch H, Mehmet M, Müller-Ebhardt H, Schnabel R (2010) Quantum enhancement of the zero-area sagnac interferometer topology for gravitational wave detection. Phys Rev Lett 104:251102
Mehmet M, Ast S, Eberle T, Steinlechner S, Vahlbruch H, Schnabel R (2011) Squeezed light at 1550 nm with a quantum noise reduction of 12.3 dB. Opt Express 36:25763
Chua SSY, Stefszky MS, Mow-Lowry CM, Buchler BC, Dwyer S, Shaddock DA, Lam PK, McClelland DE (2011) Back scatter tolerant squeezed light source for advanced gravitational-wave detectors. Opt Lett 36:4680
Stefszky MS, Mow-Lowry CM, Chua SSY, Shaddock DA, Buchler BC, Vahlbruch H, Khalaidovski A, Schnabel R, Lam PK, McClelland DE (2018) Balanced homodyne detection of optical quantum states at audio-band frequencies and below. Class Quant Grav 36:015014
Mehmet M, Vahlbruch H (2018) High-efficiency squeezed light generation for gravitational wave detectors. Class Quant Grav 36:015014
Caves CM (1981) Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer. Phys Rev D 23:8
Drever RWP (1983) In: N Deruelle N, Piran T (eds) Gravitational radiation, Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp 321–38
Meers BJ (1988) Recycling in laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev D 38:2317
Vinet JY, Meers B, Man C, Brillet A (1988) Optimization of long-baselineoptical interferometers for gravitational-wave detection. Phys Rev D 38:433
Mizuno J, Strain KA, Nelson PG, Chen JM, Schilling R, Rudiger A, Winkler W, Danzmann K (1993) Resonant sideband extraction: a new configuration for interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Phys Lett A 175:273
Mizuno J (1995) Comparison of optical configurations for laser-interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. PhD thesis, Universitat Hannover
Heinzel G, Mizuno J, Schilling R, Winkler W, Rüdiger A, Danzmann K (1996) An experimental demonstration of resonant sideband extraction for laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Phys Lett A 217:305–314
Buonanno A, Chen Y (2001) Quantum noise in second generation, signal-recycled laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. PRD 64:042006
Buonanno A, Chen Y (2002) Signal recycled laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors as optical springs. Phys Rev D 65:042001
Heinzel G, Strain KA, Mizuno J, Skeldon KD, Willke B, Winkler W, Schilling R, Rüdiger A, Danzmann K (1998) Experimental demonstration of a suspended dual recycling interferometer for gravitational wave detection. Phys Rev Lett 81:5493
Affeldt C, Danzmann K, Dooley KL, Grote H, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hough J, Leong J, Lück H, Prijatelj M (2014) Advanced techniques in GEO600. Class Quant Grav 31:224002
Martynov DV et al (2016) Sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO detectors at the beginning of gravitational wave astronomy. PRD 93:112004
The Virgo Collaboration (2019) Advanced Virgo Plus Phase I – Design Report, Virgo-Technical Documentation System, Report No. VIR-0596A-19. https://tds.virgo-gw.eu/?content=3&r=15777
Harms J, Chen Y, Chelkowski S, Franzen A, Vahlbruch H, Danzmann K, Schnabel R (2003) Squeezed-input, optical-spring, signal-recycled gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev D 68:042001
Buonanno A, Chen Y (2003) Scaling law in signal recycled laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev D 67:062002
Buonanno A, Chen Y (2004) Improving the sensitivity to gravitational-wave sources by modifying the input-output optics of advanced interferometers. Phys Rev D 69:102004
Kimble HJ, Levin Y, Matsko AB, Thorne KS, Vyatchanin SP (2001) Conversion of conventional gravitational-wave interferometers into quantum nondemolition interferometers by modifying their input and/or output optics. Phys Rev D 65:022002
Kwee P, Miller J, Isogai T, Barsotti L, Evans M (2014) Decoherence and degradation of squeezed states in quantum filter cavities. Phys Rev D 90:062006
Purdue P, Chen Y (2002) Practical speed meter designs for quantum nondemolition gravitational-wave interferometers. Phys Rev D 66:122004
Chelkowski S, Vahlbruch H, Hage B, Franzen A, Lastzka N, Danzmann K, Schnabel R (2005) Experimental characterization of frequency-dependent squeezed light. Phys Rev A 71:013806
Oelker E et al (2016) Audio-band frequency-dependent squeezing for gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev Lett 116:041102
Zhao Y et al (2020) Frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source for broadband quantum noise reduction in advanced gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev Lett 124:171101
ET design report update 2020, https://apps.et-gw.eu/tds/?content=3&r=17245
Jones P, Zhang T, Miao H, Freise A (2020) Implications of the quantum noise target for the Einstein Telescope infrastructure design. Phys Rev D 101:082002
Wade AR, Mansell GL, Chua SY, Slagmolen BJJ, Shaddock DA, McClelland DE (2015) A squeezed light source operated under high vacuum. Nat Sci Rep 5:18052
Arcenese F et al (Virgo Collaboration) (2019) Increasing the astrophysical reach of the advanced virgo detector via the application of squeezed vacuum states of light. Phys Rev Lett 123:231108
Tse M et al (2019) Quantum-enhanced advanced LIGO detectors in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. Phys Rev Lett 123:231107
Chua SSY (2013) Quantum enhancement of a 4 km laser interferometer gravitational-wave detector. PhD thesis, Physics Department, Australian National University, Canberra
Lough J et al (2020) First demonstration of 6 dB quantum noise reduction in a kilometer scale gravitational wave observatory, arXiv:2005.10292
Chua SSY et al (2014) Quantum squeezed light in gravitational-wave detectors. Class Quant Grav 31:035017
McKenzie K, Grosse N, Bowen W, Whitcomb S, Gray M, McClelland D, Lam PK (2004) Squeezing in the audio gravitational-wave detection band. Phys Rev Lett 93:161105
Vahlbruch H, Chelkowski S, Danzmann K, Schnabel R (2007) Quantum engineering of squeezed states for quantum communication and metrology. New J Phys 9:371
Flanagan FE, Thorne KS (1994) LIGO-T940063-00-R 7, 11
Conti L, Bertolini A, Chiummo A, Chua S, Fiori I, Genin E, Harms J, Leonardi M, Pillant G, Zendri JP (2017) Backscattering noise from Advanced Virgo Squeezer, VIR-0496A-17
Stover JC (2012) Optical scattering: measurement and analysis, 3rd edn. SPIE, Bellingham
Siegman AE (1986) Lasers. University Science Books, Sausalito
Padilla C et al (2014) Low scatter and ultra-low reflectivity measured in a fused silica window. Appl Opt 53(7):1315–1321
Genin E, Chiummo A, Pillant G, Gouaty R (2017) CRQ 2017/007 SQZ: in-air and in-vacuum low-loss Faraday isolators, VIR-0432A-17
Fritschel P (2006) Backscattering from the AS port: enhanced and advanced LIGO, LIGO-T060303-00-D
Genin E, Mantovani M, Pillant G, De Rossi C, Pinard L, Michel C, Gosselin M, Casanueva J (2018) Vacuum-compatible low-loss Faraday isolator for efficient squeezed-light injection in laser-interferometer-based gravitational-wave detectors. Appl Opt 57:9705
Schreiber E (2018) Gravitational-wave detection beyond the quantum shot-noise limit – the integration of squeezed light in GEO600. Ph.D. thesis, Leibniz Universitat Hannover
Capocasa E, Guo Y, Eisenmann M, Zhao Y, Tomura A, Arai K, Aso Y, Marchió M, Pinard L, Prat P, Somiya K, Schnabel R, Tacca M, Takahashi R, Tatsumi D, Leonardi M, Barsuglia M, Flaminio R (2018) Measurement of optical losses in a high-finesse 300 m filter cavity for broadband quantum noise reduction in gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev D 98:022010
Capocasa E, Barsuglia M, Degallaix J, Pinard L, Straniero N, Schnabel R, Somiya K, Aso Y, Tatsumi D, Flaminio R (2016) Estimation of losses in a 300 m filter cavity and quantum noise reduction in the KAGRA gravitational-wave detector. Phys Rev D 93:082004
Evans M, Barsotti L, Kwee P, Harms J, Miao H (2013) Realistic filter cavities for advanced gravitational wave detectors. Phys Rev D 88:022002
Pinard L, Michel C, Sassolas B, Balzarini L, Degallaix J, Dolique V, Flaminio R, Forest D, Granata M, Lagrange B et al (2017) Mirrors used in the LIGO interferometers for first detection of gravitational waves. Appl Opt 56:C11
Isogai T, Miller J, Kwee P, Barsotti L, Evans M (2013) Loss in long-storage-time optical cavities. Opt Express 21:30114
Magana-Sandoval F, Vo T, Vander Hyde D, Sanders JR, Ballmer SW (2019) Sensing optical cavity mismatch with a mode-converter and quadrant photodiode. Phys Rev D 100:102001
Ciobanu AA, Brown DD, Veitch PJ, Ottaway DJ (2020) Mode matching error signals using radio-frequency beam shape modulation. Appl Opt 59:9884
Cao HT, Brooks A, Ng SWS, Ottaway D, Perreca A, Richardson JW, Chaderjian A, Veitch PJ (2020) High dynamic range thermally actuated bimorph mirror for gravitational wave detectors. Appl Opt 59:2784
Cao HT, Ng SWS, Noh M, Brooks A, Matichard F, Veitc PJ (2020) Enhancing the dynamic range of deformable mirrors with compression bias. Opt Exp 28:38480
Perreca A, Brooks AF, Richardson JW, Toyra D (2020) An analysis and visualization of the output mode-matching requirements for squeezing in Advanced LIGO and future gravitational wave detectors, arXiv:2001.10132v2
Mehmet M, Vahlbruch H (2019) High-efficiency squeezed light generation for gravitational wave detectors. Class Quant Grav 36:015014
McKenzie K, Shaddock DA, McClelland D, Buchler BC, Lam PK (2002) Experimental demonstration of a squeezing-enhanced power-recycled Michelson interferometer for gravitational wave detection. Phys Rev Lett 88:231102
Abadie J et al (2011) A gravitational wave observatory operating beyond the quantum shot-noise limit. Nat Phys 7:962–965
Arcenese F et al (Virgo Collaboration) (2019) Increasing the astrophysical reach of the Advanced Virgo detector via the application of squeezed vacuum states of light. Phys Rev Lett 123:231108
Yu H, McCuller L, Tse M et al (2020) Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO. Nature 583:43
Unruh WG (1983) Quantum optics, experimental gravitation, and measurement theory. In: Meystre P, Scully MO (eds) Springer, NATO advanced science institutes series book series B, NSSB, vol 94
Zhao Y, Aritomi N, Capocasa E, Leonardi M, Eisenmann M, Guo Y, Polini E, Tomura A, Arai K, Aso Y, Huang Y-C, Lee R-K, Lück H, Miyakawa O, Prat P, Shoda A, Tacca M, Takahashi R, Vahlbruch H, Vardaro M, Wu C-M, Barsuglia M, Flaminio R (2020) Frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source for broadband quantum noise reduction in advanced gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev Lett 124:171101
McCuller L, Whittle C, Ganapathy D, Komori K, Tse M, Fernandez-Galiana A, Barsotti L, Fritschel P, MacInnis M, Matichard F, Mason K, Mavalvala N, Mittleman R, Yu H, Zucker ME, Evans M (2020) Frequency-dependent squeezing for Advanced LIGO. Phys Rev Lett 124:171102
Vyatchanin SP, Matsko AB (1993) Quantum limit on force measurements. JETP 77:218
Vyatchanin SP, Zubova EA (1995) Quantum variation measurement of a force. Phys Lett A 201:269
Chen Y, Danilishin SL, Khalili FY, Müller-Ebhardt H (2011) QND measurements for future gravitational-wave detectors. Gen Rel Rel Grav 43:671
Braginsky VB, Khalili FJ (1990) Gravitational wave antenna with QND speed meter. Phys Lett A 147:251–256
Danilishin SL, Khalili FY (2012) Quantum measurement theory in gravitational-wave detectors. Living Rev Relativ. https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2012-5
Khalili FY (2002) Quantum speedmeter and laser interferometric gravitational-wave antennae, arXive:gr-gc/0211088
Chen Y (2003) Sagnac interferometer as a speed-meter-type, quantum-nondemolition gravitational-wave detector. Phys Rev D 67:122004
Danilishin SL, Khalili FY, Miao H (2019) Advanced quantum techniques for future gravitational-wave detectors. Living Rev Relat. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-019-0018-y
Gräf C et al (2014) Design of a speed meter interferometer proof-of-principle experiment. Class Quantum Grav 31:215009
Ma Y, Miao H, Pang BH, Evans M, Zhao C, Harms J, Schnabel R, Chen Y (2017) Proposal for gravitational wave detection beyond the standard quantum limit through EPR entanglement. Nat Phys 13:776
Südbeck J, Steinlechner S, Korobko M, Schnabel R (2020) Demonstration of interferometer enhancement through Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entanglement. Nat Photon 14:240
Yap MJ, Altin P, McRae TG, Slagmolen BJJ, Ward RL, McClelland DE (2020) Generation and control of frequency-dependent squeezing via Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entanglement. Nat Photon 14:223
Corbitt T, Mavalvala N, Whitcomb S (2004) Optical cavities as amplitude filters for squeezed fields. Phys Rev D 70:022002
Khalili FY (2008) Increasing future gravitational-wave detectors’ sensitivity by means of amplitude filter cavities and quantum entanglement. Phys Rev D 77:062003
Rehbein H, Müller-Ebhardt H, Somiya K, Danilishin SL, Schnabel R, Danzmann K, Chen Y (2008) Double optical spring enhancement for gravitational-wave detectors. Phys Rev D 78:062003
Somiya K, Kataoka Y, Kato J, Saito N, Yano K (2016) Parametric signal amplification to create a stiff optical bar. Phys Lett A 380:521
Korobko M, Khalili FY, Schnabel R (2017) Engineering the optical spring via intra-cavity optical-parametric amplification. Phys Lett A 382:2238
Salit M, Shahriar MS (2010) Enhancement of sensitivity and bandwidth of gravitational wave detectors using fast-light-based white light cavities. J Opt 12:104014
Zhou M, Zhou Z, Shahriar SM (2015) Quantum noise limits in white-light-cavity-enhanced gravitational wave detectors. Phys Rev D92:082002
Korobko M, Kleybolte L, Ast S, Miao H, Chen Y, Schnabel R (2017) Beating the standard sensitivity-bandwidth limit of cavity-enhanced interferometers with internal squeezed-light generation. Phys Rev Lett 118:143601
Korobko M, Ma Y, Chen Y, Schnabel R (2019) Quantum expander for gravitational-wave observatories. Light Sci Appl 8:118
Miao H, Ma Y, Zhao C, Chen Y (2015) Enhancing the bandwidth of gravitational-wave detectors with unstable optomechanical filters. Phys Rev Lett 115:211104
Khalili F, Polzik E (2018) Overcoming the SQL in gravitational wave detectors using spin systems with negative effective mass. Phys Rev Lett 121:031101
Møller CB, Thomas RA, Vasilakis G, Zeuthen E, Tsaturyan Y, Balabas M, Jensen K, Schliesser A, Hammerer K, Polzik ES (2017) Quantum back-action-evading measurement of motion in a negative mass reference frame. Nature 547:191
Tsang M, Caves CM (2010) Coherent quantum-noise cancellation for optomechanical sensors. Phys Rev Lett 105:123601
Wimmer MH, Steinmeyer D, Hammerer K, Heurs M (2010) Coherent cancellation of backaction noise in optomechanical force measurements. Phys Rev Lett 105:123601
Aritomi N, Leonardi M, Capocasa E, Zhao Y, Flaminio R (2020) Control of a filter cavity with coherent control sidebands. Phys Rev D 102:042003
Y. Drori et al. Scattering loss in precision metrology due to mirror roughness. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.05640
L. McCuller et al. LIGOs quantum response to squeezed states. https://arXiv:2105.12052v1
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Sorrentino, F., Zendri, JP. (2022). Squeezing and QM Techniques in GW Interferometers. In: Bambi, C., Katsanevas, S., Kokkotas, K.D. (eds) Handbook of Gravitational Wave Astronomy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4306-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4306-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-4305-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-4306-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics