Abstract
Complex carbohydrates contain dense structural information that is decoded in recognition processes among cells, their pathogens and products, as well as many other functional proteins and represent a new source of novel therapeutics. Native carbohydrate ligands, however, lack classic drug-like properties and in general suffer from poor pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, stability, and low affinity. One solution is to rationally design glycomimetic drugs based on the bioactive conformation of the native carbohydrate ligand obtained from empirical data using techniques such as STD-NMR and X-ray crystallography. Modifications to improve binding affinity include stabilizing the bioactive core structure thereby reducing entropy costs of the interaction as well as adding second site interactions to enhance enthalpic contributions. Improvements in bioavailability and pharmacokinetics can be realized by lowering the molecular weight, reducing polar surface area and hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, as well as increasing log P. Examples of approved glycomimetic drugs are discussed and highlight the great potential of using this technology to uncover an entire class of innovative drugs to address current unmet medical needs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Angulo J, Rademacher C, Biet T et al (2006) NMR analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Methods Enzymol 416:12–30
Fernandez-Alonso M, Diaz D, Alvaro-Berbis M et al (2012) Protein-carbohydrate interactions studied by NMR: from molecular recognition to drug design. Curr Protein Pept Sci 13:816–830
Schwizer D, Patton JT, Cutting B et al (2012) Pre-organization of the core structure of E-selectin antagonists. Chemistry 18(5):1342–1351
Fadda E, Woods RJ (2010) Molecular simulations of carbohydrates and protein-carbohydrate interactions: motivation, issues and prospects. Drug Discov Today 15:596–605
von Itzstein M, Wu WY, Kok GB et al (1993) Rational design of potent sialidase-based inhibitors of influenza virus replication. Nature 363(6428):418–423
Kim CR, Lew W, Williams MA et al (1997) Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a novel hydrophobic interaction in the enzyme active site: design, synthesis, and structural analysis of carbocyclic sialic acid analogues with potent anti-influenza activity. J Am Chem Soc 119(4):681–690
Lipinski CA, Lombardo F, Dominy BW et al (2001) Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 46(1–3):3–26
Hamada K, Kiso Y (2012) The application of bioisosteres in drug design for novel drug discovery: focusing on acid protease inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 7(10):903–922
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Japan
About this entry
Cite this entry
Magnani, J.L. (2015). Glycomimetic Drugs: Source of Novel Therapeutics. In: Taniguchi, N., Endo, T., Hart, G., Seeberger, P., Wong, CH. (eds) Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_201
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_201
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54840-9
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54841-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences