Zusammenfassung
Kernproblem empirischer Forschung ist die Bestimmung von Kausalitäten aus Korrelationen. Experimente können das Problem lösen. Der folgende Beitrag stellt Labor-, Online-, Feld- und Quasi-Experimente vor und nennt jeweils bedeutende Beispiele aus der Sportökonomik. Aufgrund der hervorragenden Datenlage sind sportökonomische Quasi-Experimente über den Sport hinaus interessant für unterschiedlichste Fragestellungen aus der Wirtschaftspolitik, insbesondere der Wettbewerbspolitik, ferner für Verhaltensökonomik, Recht, Psychologie, Marketing, Management und Personalökonomik.
Dieser Beitrag ist Teil der Sektion Sportökonomik, herausgegeben von den Teilherausgebern Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch, innerhalb des Handbuchs Sport und Sportwissenschaft, herausgegeben von Arne Güllich und Michael Krüger.
Literatur
Adler, M. (1985). Stardom and talent. The American Economic Review, 75(1), 208–212.
Apesteguia, J., & Palacios-Huerta, I. (2010). Psychological pressure in competitive environments: Evidence from a randomized natural experiment. The American Economic Review, 100(5), 2548–2564.
Ariely, D., Gneezy, U., Loewenstein, G., & Mazar, N. (2009). Large stakes and big mistakes. The Review of Economic Studies, 76(2), 451–469.
Avugos, S., Köppen, J., Czienskowski, U., Raab, M., & Bar-Eli, M. (2013). The „hot hand“ reconsidered: A meta-analytic approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(1), 21–27.
Balafoutas, L., Lindner, F., & Sutter, M. (2012). Sabotage in tournaments: Evidence from a natural experiment. Kyklos, 65(4), 425–441.
Bar-Eli, M., Avugos, S., & Raab, M. (2006). Twenty years of „hot hand“ research: Review and critique. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(6), 525–553.
Baumeister, R. F. (1984). Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 610–620.
Baumeister, R. F., & Steinhilber, A. (1984). Paradoxical effects of supportive audiences on performance under pressure: The home field disadvantage in sports championships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(1), 85–93.
Berger, J., & Pope, D. (2011). Can losing lead to winning? Management Science, 57(5), 817–827.
Berri, D. J. (2008). A simple model of worker productivity in the National Basketball Association. In B. D. Humphreys & D. R. Howard (Hrsg.), The business of sports: Volume 3: Bridging research and practice (S. 1–40). London: Praeger Perspectives.
Berri, D. J., & Jewell, R. T. (2004). Wage inequality and firm performance: Professional basketball’s natural experiment. Atlantic Economic Journal, 32(2), 130–139.
Berri, D. J., & Krautmann, A. C. (2006). Shirking on the court: Testing for the incentive effects of guaranteed pay. Economic Inquiry, 44(3), 536–546.
Bizzozero, P. (2016). Minimax play at Wimbledon: New evidence. Mimeo.
Bizzozero, P., Flepp, R., & Franck, E. (2016). The importance of suspense and surprise in entertainment demand: Evidence from Wimbledon. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 130, 47–63.
Bradbury, J. C. (2008). Statistical performance analysis in sport. In B. D. Humphreys & D. R. Howard (Hrsg.), The business of sports: Volume 3: Bridging research and practice (S. 41–56). London: Praeger Perspectives.
Bryson, A., Rossi, G., & Simmons, R. (2014). The migrant wage premium in professional football: A superstar effect? Kyklos, 67(1), 12–28.
Bühren, C., & Frank, B. (2012). Chess players’ performance beyond 64 squares: A case study on the limitations of cognitive abilities transfer. Talent Development and Excellence, 4(2), 157–169.
Bühren, C., & Krabel, S. (2015). Individual performance after success and failure: A natural experiment (MAGKS Joint discussion paper series in economics no. 05-2015).
Bühren, C., & Kundt, T. C. (2014). Does the level of work effort influence tax evasion? Experimental evidence. Review of Economics, 65(2), 137–158.
Bühren, C., & Steinberg, P. J. (2017). The impact of psychological traits on performance in sequential tournaments: Evidence from a tennis field experiment. MAGKS joint discussion paper series in economics no. 05-2017.
Bühren, C., Meyer, T., & Pierdzioch, C. (2018). Experimental evidence on forecaster (anti)herding in sports markets. Mimeo.
Buraimo, B., Frick, B., Hickfang, M., & Simmons, R. (2015). The economics of long-term contracts in the footballers’ labour market. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 62(1), 8–24.
Cohen-Zada, D., Krumer, A., Rosenboim, M., & Shapir, O. M. (2017). Choking under pressure and gender: Evidence from professional tennis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 176–190.
Dilger, A., & Geyer, H. (2009). Are three points for a win really better than two? A comparison of German soccer league and cup games. Journal of Sports Economics, 10(3), 305–318.
Feri, F., Innocenti, A., & Pin, P. (2013). Is there psychological pressure in competitive environments? Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 249–256.
Franck, E., & Nüesch, S. (2012). Talent and/or popularity: What does it take to be a superstar? Economic Inquiry, 50(1), 202–216.
Frick, B. (2003). Contest theory and sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19(4), 512–529.
Frick, B., & Simmons, R. (2008). The impact of managerial quality on organizational performance: Evidence from German soccer. Managerial and Decision Economics, 29(7), 593–600.
Garcia-del Barrio, P., & Pujol, F. (2007). Hidden monopsony rents in winnertake- all markets – Sport and economic contribution of Spanish soccer players. Managerial and Decision Economics, 28(1), 57–70.
Garicano, L., Palacios-Huerta, I., & Prendergast, C. (2005). Favoritism under social pressure. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(2), 208–216.
Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 295–314.
Gilsdorf, K., & Sukhatme, V. (2007). Testing Rosen’s sequential elimination tournament model. Incentives and player performance in professional tennis. Journal of Sports Economics, 9(3), 287–303.
González-Díaz, J., Gossner, O., & Rogers, B. W. (2012). Performing best when it matters most: Evidence from professional tennis. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 84(3), 767–781.
Grund, C., Höcker, J., & Zimmermann, S. (2013). Incidence and consequences of risk-taking behavior in tournaments – Evidence from the NBA. Economic Inquiry, 51(2), 1489–1501.
Harb-Wu, K., & Krumer, A. (2017). Choking under pressure in front of a supportive audience: Evidence from professional biathlon. Economics Working Paper Series 1717,University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science.
Heckelman, J. C., & Yates, A. J. (2003). And a hockey game broke out: Crime and punishment in the NHL. Economic Inquiry, 41(4), 705–712.
Hon, L. Y., & Parinduri, R. A. (2014). Does the three-point rule make soccer more exciting? Evidence from a regression discontinuity design. Journal of Sports Economics, 17(4), 377–395.
Hsu, S. H., Huang, C. Y., & Tang, C. T. (2007). Minimax play at Wimbledon: Comment. The American Economic Review, 97(1), 517–523.
Izquierdo Sanchez, S., Elliott, C., & Simmons, R. (2016). Substitution between leisure activities: A quasi-natural experiment using sports viewing and cinema attendance. Applied Economics, 48(40), 3848–3860.
Jones, M. B. (2007). Home advantage in the NBA as a game-long process. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 3(4), 2.
Jung, S., & Vranceanu, R. (2017). Experimental estimates of men’s and women’s willingness to compete: Does the gender of the partner matter? Inha University. IBER working paper series no. 5-2017.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291.
Klaassen, F., & Magnus, J. R. (2014). Analyzing Wimbledon: The power of statistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kocher, M. G., Lenz, M. V., & Sutter, M. (2012). Psychological pressure in competitive environments: New evidence from randomized natural experiments. Management Science, 58(8), 1585–1591.
Kolev, G. I., Pina, G., & Todeschini, F. (2015). Decision making and underperformance in competitive environments: Evidence from the national hockey league. Kyklos, 68(1), 65–80.
Koning, R. H. (2011). Home advantage in professional tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(1), 19–27.
Kuethe, T. H., & Motamed, M. (2010). Returns to stardom: Evidence from U.S. major league soccer. Journal of Sports Economics, 11(5), 567–579.
Lazear, E. P., & Rosen, S. (1981). Rank-order tournaments as optimum labor contracts. Journal of Political Economy, 89(5), 841–864.
Lehman, D. W., & Hahn, J. (2013). Momentum and organizational risk taking: Evidence from the National Football League. Management Science, 59(4), 852–868.
Levitt, S. D. (2002). Testing the economic model of crime: The national hockey league’s two-referee experiment. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 1(1), 2.
Levitt, S. D., List, J. A., & Reiley, D. H. (2010). What happens in the field stays in the field: Exploring whether professionals play minimax in laboratory experiments. Econometrica, 78(4), 1413–1434.
Lewis, M. (2004). Moneyball: The art of winning an unfair game. New York: WW Norton & Company.
Lynch, J. G., & Zax, J. S. (2000). The rewards to running prize structure and performance in professional road racing. Journal of Sports Economics, 1(4), 323–340.
Mago, S. D., Sheremeta, R. M., & Yates, A. (2013). Best-of-three contest experiments: Strategic versus psychological momentum. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 31(3), 287–296.
Marcelino, R., Mesquita, I., Palao, J. M., & Sampaio, J. (2009). Home advantage in high-level volleyball varies according to set number. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8(3), 352–356.
McCormick, R. E., & Tollison, R. D. (1984). Crime on the court. The Journal of Political Economy, 92(2), 223–235.
Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2014). A cold shower for the hot hand fallacy. IGIER working paper no. 518.
Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2015). Is it a fallacy to believe in the hot hand in the NBA three-point contest? IGIER working paper no. 548.
Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2018). Surprised by the hot hand fallacy? A truth in the law of small numbers. Econometrica, forthcoming.
Niederle, M., & Vesterlund, L. (2007). Do women shy away from competition? Do men compete too much? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1067–1101.
O’Neill, B. (1987). Nonmetric test of the minimax theory of two-person zerosum games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 84(7), 2106–2109.
Page, K., & Page, L. (2010). Alone against the crowd: Individual differences in referees’ ability to cope under pressure. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 192–199.
Palacios-Huerta, I. (2003). Professionals play minimax. The Review of Economic Studies, 70(2), 395–415.
Palacios-Huerta, I. (2014). Beautiful game theory: How soccer can help economics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Palacios-Huerta, I., & Volij, O. (2008). Experientia docet: Professionals play minimax in laboratory experiments. Econometrica, 76(1), 71–115.
Pawlowski, T., Breuer, C., & Hovemann, A. (2010). Top clubs’ performance and the competitive situation in European domestic football competitions. Journal of Sports Economics, 11(2), 186–202.
Pope, D. G., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2011). Is Tiger Woods loss averse? Persistent bias in the face of experience, competition, and high stakes. The American Economic Review, 101(1), 129–157.
Prouhet, E. (1851). Mémoire sur quelques relations entre les puissances des nombres. Comptes Rendus des Scéances de l´Académie des Sciences., 33, 225–226.
Rickman, N., & Witt, R. (2008). Favouritism and financial incentives: A natural experiment. Economica, 75(298), 296–309.
Rosen, S. (1981). The economics of superstars. The American Economic Review, 71(5), 845–858.
Schreyer, D., Schmidt, S. L., & Torgler, B. (2016). Against all odds? Exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty in season ticket holders’ stadium attendance demand. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 192–217.
Simmons, R., & Berri, D. J. (2011). Mixing the princes and the paupers: Pay and performance in the National Basketball Association. Labour Economics, 18(3), 381–388.
Stiroh, K. J. (2007). Playing for keeps: Pay and performance in the NBA. Economic Inquiry, 45(1), 145–161.
Szymanski, S. (2001). Income inequality, competitive balance and the attractiveness of team sports: Some evidence and a natural experiment from English soccer. The Economic Journal, 111(469), 69–84.
Walker, M., & Wooders, J. (2001). Minimax play at Wimbledon. The American Economic Review, 91(5), 1521–1538.
Wooders, J. (2010). Does experience teach? Professionals and minimax play in the lab. Econometrica, 78(3), 1143–1154.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Bühren, C. (2018). Experimente in der Sportökonomik. In: Güllich, A., Krüger, M. (eds) Sport in Kultur und Gesellschaft. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53385-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53385-7
eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Naturwissenschaften
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Experimente in der Sportökonomik- Published:
- 09 February 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-2
-
Original
Experimente in der Sportökonomik- Published:
- 13 November 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-1