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The Family Hyphomonadaceae

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

The family Hyphomonadaceae comprises strict aerobic and stalked and non-stalked species. Cells in this family can have two differing cell cycles. Species of the genera Algimonas, Maricaulis, Oceanicaulis, Ponticaulis, Robiginitomaculum, and Woodsholea divide by binary fission of the cell leading to flagellated offsprings. Species of the genera Hellea, Hirschia, Hyphomonas, and Litorimonas divide by budding, forming a flagellated cell at the tip of the prosthecum. All flagellated cells are mobile but later develop a stalk, shed the flagella, and become sessile. These two-cell different cycles are both optimal for living in oligotrophic habitats where the competition for food is fierce and should be minimized between siblings. The genus Henriciella is currently the only genus with species lacking any stalks. With the possible exception of Hyphomonas polymorpha, all species are marine isolates and require sodium chloride for optimal growth. Species of Hyphomonadaceae occupy various habitats in the oceans where they are usually found in oligotrophic niches from the Antarctic to deep sea vents. Only few isolates can grow on minimal media with defined carbon sources; however, most species require complex growth factors for growth. Polar lipids for most species are monoglycosyl and monoglucuronosyl diacylglycerols. Common phospholipids are phosphatidylglycerols and many species possess sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols and glucuronopyranosyl diacylglycerol taurine amides as well. Most species reduce nitrate and are alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase positive.

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Acknowledgments

The long-standing cooperation with John Smit, Vancouver, and Edward Moore, Gothenburg, is very much acknowledged. We also thank Jennifer Knaak for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Wolf-Rainer Abraham

  2. Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig, Germany

    Manfred Rohde

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  1. Wolf-Rainer Abraham
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  2. Manfred Rohde
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Correspondence to Wolf-Rainer Abraham .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Abraham, WR., Rohde, M. (2014). The Family Hyphomonadaceae. In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30197-1_260

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