Definitions of Affordable Housing
One of the most frequently used terms in the era of rapid urbanization is perhaps “affordable housing.” However, to date, there seems no universally acceptable definition of affordable housing that exists among the academicians and practitioners. The concept of affordable housing can be relative (housing affordability through history) and subjective (classic assumption of individual with their rational self-interest) at the same time (Cai 2017). The term is very much contingent to economic development and income levels; hence, it does not have any uniform definition worldwide. Affordable housing in the ambit of wider meaning could constitute homes that are affordable to the maximum demographics, which indicates various levels of income groups. However, affordable housing concept has been defined in many ways based on various classifications, and they range from relative, subjective, purchase affordability, repayment affordability, and income...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Abdullahi BC, Aziz WNAWA (2011) Pragmatic housing policy in the quest for low-income group housing delivery in Malaysia. J Design Built Environ 8:21–38
Advocay (2019) What is affordable housing? Available at, https://auma.ca/advocacy-services/programs-initiatives/housing-hub/what-affordable-housing
Baker E, Lester LH, Bentley R, Beer A (2016) Poor housing quality: prevalence and health effects. J Prev Interv Community 44(4):219–232
Belsky ES, Goodman J, Drew RB (2005) Measuring the nation’s rental housing affordability problems: Joint Center for Housing Studies, Graduate School of Design [and] John F … Available at, https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/rd05-1_measuring_rental_affordability05.pdf
BNM (2009) Bank Negara Malaysia. 2009, from www.bnm.gov.my
BNM (2011) Bank Negara Malaysia. 2011, from www.bnm.gov.my
BNM (2013) Bank Negara Malaysia. 2010, from www.bnm.gov.my
Cai Z (2017) Analyzing measurements of housing affordability. Washington D.C.: University of Washington. (Master’s thesis)
Cao JA, Keivani R (2014) The limits and potentials of the housing market enabling paradigm: an evaluation of China’s housing policies from 1998 to 2011. Hous Stud 29(1):44–68
Chen J, Hao Q, Stephens M (2010) Assessing housing affordability in post-reform China: a case study of Shanghai. Hous Stud 25(6):877–901
Chen M, Liu W, Tao X (2013) Evolution and assessment on China’s urbanization 1960–2010: under-urbanization or over-urbanization? Habitat Int 38:25–33
Demographia (2017) 13th annual demographia international demographia international housing affordability survey: 2017. Retrieved from http://www.demographia.com/dhi.pdf
Foo LHR, Wong C (2014) Planning for housing development in Malaysia: developers’ response to the regulatory policy framework. Int Plan Stud 19(2):192–209
Gan Q, Hill RJ (2009) Measuring housing affordability: looking beyond the median. J Hous Econ 18(2):115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2009.04.003
Gopalan K, Venkataraman M (2015) Affordable housing: policy and practice in India. IIMB Manag Rev 27(2):129–140
High Level Task Force on Affordable Housing for All (2008) Report of the high level task force on affordable housing for all. Government of India, New Delhi. Retrieved from http://www.naredco.in/pdfs/report-high-level-task.pdf
Hulchanski JD (1995) The concept of housing affordability: six contemporary uses of the housing expenditure-to-income ratio. Hous Stud 10(4):471–491
Idrus N, Siong HC (2008) Affordable and quality housing through the low-cost housing provision in Malaysia. Johor: Department of Town and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Khare HS (2016) Barriers constraining the low and middle income housing finance market in Bangladesh. World Bank. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/26415
Khazanah Research Institute (2015) Making housing affordable. Khazanah Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur. http://www.krinstitute.org/assets/contentMS/img/template/editor/_FINAL_Full_Draft__KRI_-_Making_Housing_Affordable__with_hyperlink__220815%20(1).pdf
Koehler G (2014) Development and welfare policy in South Asia. Routledge, London
Kothari M (2005) Report of the special rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living. Economic and Social Council (The United Nations), New York
Kumuda D (2014) Homeless population in India: a study. Global journal for research analysis 3(8):54–55
Kutty NK (2005) A new measure of housing affordability: estimates and analytical results. Hous Policy Debate 16(1):113–142
Lian LW (2012) Property market cools amid debate over affordable housing. The Malaysian Insider. Available at, http://realestatesmalaysia.blogspot.com/2012/09/property-market-cools-amid-debate-over.html
London Plan (2019) Policy 3.10 definition of affordable housing. Available at, https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/planning/london-plan/current-london-plan/london-plan-chapter-3/policy-310-definition
Milligan V, Phibbs P, Fagan K, Gurran N (2004) A practical framework for expanding affordable housing services in Australia: learning from experience. Available at, https://www.ahuri.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/2001/AHURI_Final_Report_No65_A_practical_framework_for_expanding_affordable_housing_services_in_Australia.pdf
MoHUPA (2011) Guidelines for affordable housing in partnership (Amended). MoHUPA, Government of India, New Delhi. Available at, http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/6AHP-Guidelines.pdf
MoHUPA (2016) Housing for all (Urban): scheme guidelines. Pradhan Mantri Awaj Yujana. Retrieved from http://mhupa.gov.in/writereaddata/HFA_guidelines_March2016-English.pdf
MoHUPA (2017) Annual report 2016–2017. Retrieved fromhttp://mhupa.gov.in/writereaddata/Ministry_HUPA_Annual_Report_2016_17_English_small$2017Mar17170100.pdf
NAPIC (2011) Malaysian property market 2011. Available at, http://www.ount=1&_ViewPublishings_WAR_ViewPublishingsportlet_publishingId=431&_ViewPublishings_WAR_ViewPublishingsportlet_action=renderReportPeriodScreenArc&_ViewPublishings_WAR_ViewPublishingsportlet_pageno=1&publishingId=471
O'Neill P, Sliogeris E, Crabtree L, Phipps P, Johnston K (2008) Housing affordability literature review and affordable housing program audit. Urban Research Centre, UWS, Sydney
Phang S-Y, Helble M (2016) Housing policies in Singapore. ADBI working paper 559. Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo. http://www.adb.org/publications/housing-policies-singapore/
Pollack CE, Thornton RL, DeLuca S (2014) Targeting housing mobility vouchers to help families with children. JAMA Pediatr 168(8):695–696. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.668
Property Showrooms (2009) Malaysian property is ‘Undervalued’
Rangel GJ, Ng J, Murugasu T, Poon WC (2017) Measuring housing affordability in an emerging market: the lifetime income approach. Available at SSRN 3080074
Stone ME (2006) What is housing affordability? The case for the residual income approach. Hous Policy Debate 17(1):151–184
Thomson H, Thomas S, Sellstrom E, Petticrew M (2013) Housing improvements for health and associated socio-economic outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2):CD008657
World Bank (2016) Doing Business 2016: Dealing with construction permits. Washington, DC: World Bank
Wright BJ, Vartanian KB, Li HF, Royal N, Matson JK (2016) Formerly homeless people had lower overall health care expenditures after moving into supportive housing. Health Aff 35(1):20–27
You J, Wu H, Han SS (2011) What is affordable housing in China? Evidence from Nanjing, China. Retrieved from, http://eres.scix.net/data/works/att/eres2011_219.content.pdf
Zou Y (2014) Contradictions in China’s affordable housing policy: goals vs. structure. Habitat Int 41:8–16
Acknowledgments
Part of the report was produced when the first author was doing internship at the Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines, in 2017. The first author also acknowledges support from his supervisors (then) Navendu Karan and Bruno Carrasco for their valuable comments and suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Mia, M.A., Zull, E.I. (2020). Housing Affordability: Measurements and Trends. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Sustainable Cities and Communities. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_89-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_89-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71061-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71061-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Housing Affordability: Measurements and Trends- Published:
- 14 January 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_89-2
-
Original
Housing Affordability: Measurements and Trends- Published:
- 15 October 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71061-7_89-1