Abstract
Carbon footprint, also called carbon profile, defines the overall amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with a product throughout the entire supply chain, from raw materials to end-of-life recovery and disposal. Electricity production in power plants, heating with fossil fuels, transport operations, other industrial and agricultural processes, among others, cause these emissions. Indicators such as the global warming potential (GWP) are used to quantify the carbon footprint. As defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, GWP is an indicator that reflects the relative effect of a GHG in terms of climate change considering a fixed time period, such as 100 years (GWP100). The GWP for different emissions can then be added together to give a single indicator that expresses the overall contribution of these emissions to climate change. Denim garments are the most popular clothing worldwide; many countries are taking measures to reduce carbon emissions through the use of organic cotton, environmentally friendly methods of manufacturing, and optimized denim manufacturing. Carbon credits have been adopted by denim manufacturers; this helps them to achieve overall goals of carbon emissions. This chapter explains the concept of carbon footprint in denim manufacturing and describes case studies, difficulties facing the industry, and optimized denim manufacturing techniques that reduce the carbon footprint.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ramachandra TV, Aithal BH, Sreejith K (2015) GHG footprint of major cities in India. Renew Sust Energ Rev 44:473–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.036
Shen L, Sun Y (2016) Review on carbon emissions, energy consumption and low-carbon economy in China from a perspective of global climate change. J Geogr Sci 26:855–870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-016-1302-3
(2013) Driving demand for denim jeans. In: Cott. Inc. supply chain insights. http://www.cottoninc.com/corporate/Market-Data/SupplyChainInsights/Driving-Demand-For-Denim-Jeans/Driving-Demand-for-Denim-Jeans.pdf
Koszewska M (2015) Life cycle assessment and the environmental and social labels in the textile and clothing industry. In: Handbook of life cycle assessment of textiles and clothing. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 325–344, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100169-1.00015-0
Muthu SS (2015) Environmental impacts of the use phase of the clothing life cycle. In: Muthu SS (ed) Handbook of life cycle assessment of textiles and clothing. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 93–102
Periyasamy AP, Wiener J, Militky J (2017) Life-cycle assessment of denim. In: Muthu SS (ed) Sustainability in denim. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 83–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00004-6
Periyasamy AP, Jiri M (2017) 10 – denim and consumers’ phase of life cycle. In: Muthu SS (ed) Sustainability in denim. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 257–282, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00010-1
Periyasamy AP, Militky J (2017) Denim processing and health hazards. In: Muthu SS (ed) Sustainability in denim. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 161–196, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00007-1
Henry BK, Russell SJ, Ledgard SF et al (2015) LCA of wool textiles and clothing. In: Muthu SS (ed) Handbook of life cycle assessment of textiles and clothing. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 217–254
Rana S, Karunamoorthy S, Parveen S, Fangueiro R (2015) Life cycle assessment of cotton textiles and clothing. In: Handbook of life cycle assessment of textiles and clothing. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 195–216
Downey L (2014) A short history of denim. In: Levi Strauss Co. http://www.levistrauss.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/A-Short-History-of-Denim2.pdf. Accessed 2 Oct 2016
Hackett T (2015) A comparative life cycle assessment of denim jeans and a cotton t-shirt: the production of fast fashion essential items from cradle to gate. College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky
Zhang Y, Liu X, Xiao R, Yuan Z (2015) Life cycle assessment of cotton T-shirts in China. Int J Life Cycle Assess 20:994–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-015-0889-4
Yafa S (2006) Cotton: the biography of a revolutionary fiber, first. Penguin Books, USA
Allen W (2004) Fact sheet on U.S.A cotton subsidies and cotton production. In: Organic Consumers Association. https://www.organicconsumers.org/old_articles/clothes/224subsidies.php. Accessed 15 Nov 2016
Oosterhuis DM, Cothren JT (2012) Flowering and fruiting in cotton. The cotton foundation
Fertilizer use-cotton, USDA. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/fertilizer-use-and-price.aspx#26737
Kalliala ME, Nousiainen P (1999) Life cycle assessment environmental profile of cotton and polyester. AUTEX Res J:8–20
Wu J, Guo W, Feng J et al (2014) Greenhouse gas emissions from cotton field under different irrigation methods and fertilization regimes in arid northwestern China. Sci World J 2014:1–10
Patra AK, Pattanayak AK (2015) Novel varieties of denim fabrics. In: Paul R (ed) Denim. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 483–506
McLoughlin J, Hayes S, Paul R (2015) Cotton fibre for denim manufacture. In: Paul R (ed) Denim and jeans. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 15–36
Eryuruk SH (2015) Life cycle assessment method for environmental impact evaluation and certification systems for textiles and clothing. In: Muthu SS (ed) Handbook of life cycle assessment of textiles and clothing. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 125–148
Pardo Martínez CI (2010) Energy use and energy efficiency development in the German and Colombian textile industries. Energy Sustain Dev 14:94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2010.02.001
Periyasamy AP, Vikova M, Vik M (2017) A review of photochromism in textiles and its measurement. Text Prog 49:53–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2017.1305833
Periyasamy AP (2016) Effect of PVAmHCl pre-treatment on the properties of modal fabric dyed with reactive dyes: an approach for salt free dyeing. J Text Sci Eng 6(262):1–9. https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-8064.1000262
Periyasamy AP, Effect of alkali pretreatment and dyeing on fibrillation properties of lyocell fiber, RMUTP International Conference: Textiles & Fashion 2012, Bangkok, Thailand. http://decade1.ird.rmutp.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Section-II-3.pdf
Periyasamy AP, Dhurai B (2011) Salt free dying. Pakistan Textile Journal, 41–43, https://www.ptj.com.pk/Web-2011/04-2011/April-2011-PDF/Finishing-Aravin-Prince.pdf
Periyasamy AP, Dhurai B, Thangamani K (2011) Salt free dyeing: a new method of dyeing of Lyocell fabrics with reactive dyes. Autex Res J 11:14–17, http://www.autexrj.com/cms/zalaczone_pliki/3_01_11.pdf
Teli MD (2016) 8 – environmental textiles: testing and certification. In: Wang L (ed) Performance testing of textiles. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, pp 177–192
Mohanty RP, Prakash A (2014) Green supply chain management practices in India: a confirmatory empirical study. Prod Manuf Res 2:438–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2014.921127
Sarkis J (2003) A strategic decision framework for green supply chain management. J Clean Prod 11:397–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(02)00062-8
Seuring S (2004) Integrated chain management and supply chain management comparative analysis and illustrative cases. J Clean Prod 12:1059–1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.006
Nurul T, Tengku A, Jaafar HS, Tajuddin RM (2016) Green supply chain: awareness of logistics industry in Malaysia. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 219:121–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.04.052
California Energy Commission (2016) Clothes dryers. In: Consum. Energy Cent. http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/residential/appliances/dryers.html
Lee J, Hoelle N, Rogers D, et al (2009) An empirical study of energy efficiency of clothes dryers. In: International conference on engineering design ICED 2009. Stanford university, Stanford, pp 24–27
(2010) What’s the carbon footprint of a load of laundry? Guard
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Periyasamy, A.P., Duraisamy, G. (2019). Carbon Footprint on Denim Manufacturing. In: Martínez, L., Kharissova, O., Kharisov, B. (eds) Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_112
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_112
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68254-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68255-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering