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Soil Pollution and Remediation

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Handbook of Environmental Materials Management

Abstract

The management of solid waste is one of the challenges facing any urban area in the world. Although in developing countries the quantity of solid waste generated in urban areas is low compared to industrialized countries, the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) still remains inadequate. A typical solid waste management system in a developing country displays an array of problems, including low collection coverage and irregular collection services, crude open dumping and burning without air and water pollution control, etc. This segment of the research deals with the issue of remediation of contaminated sites, with special emphasis on areas contaminated with pollutants originating from the disposal of solid waste streams. The need for implementation of the research comes from the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants in the soil conducted by our team.

Soil conservation is fundamental for the sustainable development and preservation of ecosystems and biodiversity. Heavy metal concentration in the soil dependent on the parent material on which it is formed, the formation processes, and the composition and proportion of the components of the solid phase. This concentration may be affected by several anthropic activities such as: irrigation, fertilizer and chemical applications, and industrial or urban sewage incorporation. The soil type, topography, geology, and the erosive processes influence the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in the environment, including their bioavailability. The main objective of this part of study was to assess the origin of the heavy metals in the soil.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are another group of pollutants in the soil. Sources of pollution from POPs include the incorrect use and/or disposal of agrochemicals and industrial chemicals and improper burning. There are eight initial POPs pesticides (aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, and toxaphene) and five new POPs chemicals which may be categorized as pesticides (alpha hexachlorocyclohexane, beta hexachlorocyclohexane, chlordecone, lindane, and pentachlorobenzene). Because of their widespread distribution and their potential toxicity to organisms, these compounds are of environmental significance. In present study were also included some POPs chemicals originating from industry such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Third part of the study covers methods for soil sampling, sample preparation, and instrumental analysis of agrochemical and industrial POPs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of environmental protection, University Educons, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia

    Nataša Stojić, Snežana Štrbac & Dunja Prokić

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  1. Nataša Stojić
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  2. Snežana Štrbac
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  3. Dunja Prokić
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Correspondence to Nataša Stojić .

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  1. Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, New Jersey InstTech, 151 D Tiernan-NJIT Dept. of Chemistry and EVSC, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

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Stojić, N., Štrbac, S., Prokić, D. (2018). Soil Pollution and Remediation. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_81-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_81-1

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