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Antimony and Nickel

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Critical Care Toxicology

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Abstract

Antimony (stibium [Sb]) is a brittle, crystalline, silver-white metalloid naturally present in the Earth’s crust and found at low levels throughout the environment. At least 114 different ores have been identified [1]. Stibnite (SbS3) is the predominant ore; the others are mostly oxides.

This chapter was adapted from “Antimony and Nickel” by Javier Waksman and Scott D. Phillips in: Critical Care Toxicology: Diagnosis and Management of the Critically Poisoned Patient, first edition. Brent J, Wallace KL, Burkhart KK, Phillips SD, Donovan JW, editors. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2004.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer

  2. Minnesota Poison Control System, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer

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  1. Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer
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Correspondence to Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Jeffrey Brent

  2. Office of New Drugs Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

    Keith Burkhart

  3. Clinical Toxicology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Paul Dargan

  4. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Benjamin Hatten

  5. Med & Toxicological Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France

    Bruno Megarbane

  6. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Toxicology Associates, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Robert Palmer

Grading System for Levels of Evidence Supporting Recommendations in Critical Care Toxicology, 2nd Edition

  1. I

    Evidence obtained from at least one properly randomized controlled trial.

  2. II-1

    Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

  3. II-2

    Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies, preferably from more than one center or research group.

  4. II-3

    Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments (such as the results of the introduction of penicillin treatment in the 1940s) could also be regarded as this type of evidence.

  5. III

    Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies and case reports, or reports of expert committees.

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Sztajnkrycer, M.D. (2016). Antimony and Nickel. In: Brent, J., Burkhart, K., Dargan, P., Hatten, B., Megarbane, B., Palmer, R. (eds) Critical Care Toxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_46-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_46-2

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20790-2

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  1. Latest

    Antimony and Nickel
    Published:
    01 September 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_46-2

  2. Original

    Antimony and Nickel
    Published:
    29 March 2016

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_46-1

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