Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gut Microbiota and Obesity

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites and Cardiometabolic Risk

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

  • 230 Accesses

Abstract

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled in the past ~50 years. The health risks associated with obesity have reached an alarming stage and have become a significant problem worldwide. The pathophysiology of obesity has been proven to be more complex and involves a combination of both genetic and environmental factors, which regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Recent evidences suggest that that certain types of gut bacteria may be more efficient at extracting energy from food than others, which could potentially lead to increased calorie absorption and weight gain. Additionally, it has been suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota may lead to increased inflammation and development of insulin resistance, both of which are closely linked to obesity and related metabolic disorders. Several studies have suggested that the composition of the microbiota may be influenced by factors such as diet, and that interventions aimed at modifying the microbiota (such as lifestyle modification, metabolic surgery, probiotics) could be useful in the prevention or treatment of obesity.

Several studies in animal models and humans are showing how gut microbiota is associated with the onset and progression of metabolic disorders. Moreover, these studies are elucidating how the type of diet and surgical approaches, aimed at weight loss, modulate the abundance and the composition of gut microbiota.

In this chapter, we will outline which alterations of gut microbiota are associated with obesity, its role in the development of obesity, and how diet and bariatric surgery can modulate the gut microbiota.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al-Lahham SH, Roelofsen H, Priebe M, Weening D, Dijkstra M, Hoek A, Rezaee F, Venema K, Vonk RJ. Regulation of adipokine production in human adipose tissue by propionic acid. Eur J Clin Investig. 2010;40(5):401–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amar J, Chabo C, Waget A, Klopp P, Vachoux C, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Smirnova N, Bergé M, Sulpice T, Lahtinen S, Ouwehand A, Langella P, Rautonen N, Sansonetti PJ, Burcelin R. Intestinal mucosal adherence and translocation of commensal bacteria at the early onset of type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms and probiotic treatment. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3(9):559–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Attaye I, van Oppenraaij S, Warmbrunn MV, Nieuwdorp M. The role of the gut microbiota on the beneficial effects of ketogenic diets. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):191.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bäckhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, Semenkovich CF, Gordon JI. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(44):15718–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bäckhed F, Ley RE, Sonnenburg JL, Peterson DA, Gordon JI. Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine. Science. 2005;307:1915–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont M, Goodrich JK, Jackson MA, Yet I, Davenport ER, Vieira-Silva S, Debelius J, Pallister T, Mangino M, Raes J, Knight R, Clark AG, Ley RE, Spector TD, Bell JT. Heritable components of the human fecal microbiome are associated with visceral fat. Genome Biol. 2016;17(1):189.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Belzer C, de Vos WM. Microbes inside-from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia. ISME J. 2012;6(8):1449–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bourgin M, Kriaa A, Mkaouar H, Mariaule V, Jablaoui A, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Bile salt hydrolases: at the crossroads of microbiota and human health. Microorganisms. 2021;9(6):1122.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Canfora EE, van der Beek CM, Jocken JWE, Goossens GH, Holst JJ, Olde Damink SWM, Lenaerts K, Dejong CHC, Blaak EE. Colonic infusions of short-chain fatty acid mixtures promote energy metabolism in overweight/obese men: a randomized crossover trial. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):2360.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Chabo C, Waget A, Delmée E, Cousin B, Sulpice T, Chamontin B, Ferrières J, Tanti JF, Gibson GR, Casteilla L, Delzenne NM, Alessi MC, Burcelin R. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2007;56(7):1761–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T, Guiot Y, Everard A, Rottier O, Geurts L, Naslain D, Neyrinck A, Lambert DM, Muccioli GG, Delzenne NM. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut. 2009;58(8):1091–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carmody RN, Gerber GK, Luevano JM Jr, Gatti DM, Somes L, Svenson KL, Turnbaugh PJ. Diet dominates host genotype in shaping the murine gut microbiota. Cell Host Microbe. 2015;17(1):72–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers ES, Viardot A, Psichas A, Morrison DJ, Murphy KG, Zac-Varghese SE, MacDougall K, Preston T, Tedford C, Finlayson GS, Blundell JE, Bell JD, Thomas EL, Mt-Isa S, Ashby D, Gibson GR, Kolida S, Dhillo WS, Bloom SR, Morley W, Clegg S, Frost G. Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. Gut. 2015;64(11):1744–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers ES, Byrne CS, Aspey K, Chen Y, Khan S, Morrison DJ, Frost G. Acute oral sodium propionate supplementation raises resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(4):1034–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collado MC, Isolauri E, Laitinen K, Salminen S. Distinct composition of gut microbiota during pregnancy in overweight and normal-weight women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(4):894–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collado MC, Engen PA, Bandín C, Cabrera-Rubio R, Voigt RM, Green SJ, Naqib A, Keshavarzian A, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Timing of food intake impacts daily rhythms of human salivary microbiota: a randomized, crossover study. FASEB J. 2018;32(4):2060–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cotillard A, Kennedy SP, Kong LC, Prifti E, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, Almeida M, Quinquis B, Levenez F, Galleron N, Gougis S, Rizkalla S, Batto JM, Renault P, ANR MicroObes consortium, Doré J, Zucker JD, Clément K, Ehrlich SD. Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature. 2013;500(7464):585–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dao MC, Belda E, Prifti E, Everard A, Kayser BD, Bouillot JL, Chevallier JM, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, Ehrlich SD, Doré J, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Zucker JD, Cani PD, Clément K. Akkermansia muciniphila abundance is lower in severe obesity, but its increased level after bariatric surgery is not associated with metabolic health improvement. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2019;317(3):446–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, Ling AV, Devlin AS, Varma Y, Fischbach MA, Biddinger SB, Dutton RJ, Turnbaugh PJ. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505(7484):559–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies N, O’Sullivan JM, Plank LD, Murphy R. Gut microbial predictors of type 2 diabetes remission following bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2020;30(9):3536–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S, Collini S, Pieraccini G, Lionetti P. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(33):14691–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas MI, Corella D, Arós F, Gómez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Basora J, Muñoz MA, Sorlí JV, Martínez JA, Fitó M, Gea A, Hernán MA, Martínez-González MA, PREDIMED Study Investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(25):e34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L, Ouwerkerk JP, Druart C, Bindels LB, Guiot Y, Derrien M, Muccioli GG, Delzenne NM, de Vos WM, Cani PD. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(22):9066–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Farin W, Oñate FP, Plassais J, Bonny C, Beglinger C, Woelnerhanssen B, Nocca D, Magoules F, Le Chatelier E, Pons N, Cervino ACL, Ehrlich SD. Impact of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on gut microbiota: a metagenomic comparative analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2020;16(7):852–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freeland KR, Wolever T. Acute effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Br J Nutr. 2010;103(3):460–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Z, Yin J, Zhang J, Ward RE, Martin RJ, Lefevre M, Cefalu WT, Ye J. Butyrate improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure in mice. Diabetes. 2009;58(7):1509–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gao R, Zhu C, Li H, Yin M, Pan C, Huang L, Kong C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Qu S, Qin H. Dysbiosis signatures of gut microbiota along the sequence from healthy, young patients to those with overweight and obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26(2):351–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guzior DV, Quinn RA. Review: microbial transformations of human bile acids. Microbiome. 2021;9(1):140.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt MA, Hoffmann C, Sherrill-Mix SA, Keilbaugh SA, Hamady M, Chen YY, Knight R, Ahima RS, Bushman F, Wu GD. High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(5):1716–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hulston CJ, Churnside AA, Venables MC. Probiotic supplementation prevents high-fat, overfeeding-induced insulin resistance in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(4):596–602.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda T, Aida M, Yoshida Y, Matsumoto S, Tanaka M, Nakayama J, Nagao Y, Nakata R, Oki E, Akahoshi T, Okano S, Nomura M, Hashizume M, Maehara Y. Alteration in faecal bile acids, gut microbial composition and diversity after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Br J Surg. 2020;107(12):1673–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ilhan ZE, DiBaise JK, Dautel SE, Isern NG, Kim YM, Hoyt DW, Schepmoes AA, Brewer HM, Weitz KK, Metz TO, Crowell MD, Kang DW, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Temporospatial shifts in the human gut microbiome and metabolome after gastric bypass surgery. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2020;6(1):12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jaacks LM, Vandevijvere S, Pan A, McGowan CJ, Wallace C, Imamura F, Mozaffarian D, Swinburn B, Ezzati M. The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(3):231–40.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek JL, Musaad SM, Holscher HD. Time of day and eating behaviors are associated with the composition and function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106(5):1220–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi G, Sabran MR, Jamaluddin R, Parvaneh K, Mohtarrudin N, Ahmad Z, Khazaai H, Khodavandi A. The anti-obesity effects of lactobacillus casei strain Shirota versus orlistat on high fat diet-induced obese rats. Food Nutr Res. 2015;59:29273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson CL, Onnerfält J, Xu J, Molin G, Ahrné S, Thorngren-Jerneck K. The microbiota of the gut in preschool children with normal and excessive body weight. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(11):2257–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kivimäki M, Strandberg T, Pentti J, Nyberg ST, Frank P, Jokela M, Ervasti J, Suominen SB, Vahtera J, Sipilä PN, Lindbohm JV, Ferrie JE. Body-mass index and risk of obesity-related complex multimorbidity: an observational multicohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(4):253–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Nilsson A, Akrami R, Lee YS, De Vadder F, Arora T, Hallen A, Martens E, Björck I, Bäckhed F. Dietary fiber-induced improvement in glucose metabolism is associated with increased abundance of Prevotella. Cell Metab. 2015;22(6):971–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lassenius MI, Pietiläinen KH, Kaartinen K, Pussinen PJ, Syrjänen J, Forsblom C, Pörsti I, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Mustonen J, Groop PH, Lehto M, FinnDiane Study Group. Bacterial endotoxin activity in human serum is associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic inflammation. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(8):1809–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Laugerette F, Vors C, Alligier M, Pineau G, Drai J, Knibbe C, Morio B, Lambert-Porcheron S, Laville M, Vidal H, Michalski MC. Postprandial endotoxin transporters LBP and sCD14 differ in obese vs. overweight and Normal weight men during fat-rich meal digestion. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1820.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Le Chatelier E, Nielsen T, Qin J, Prifti E, Hildebrand F, Falony G, Almeida M, Arumugam M, Batto JM, Kennedy S, Leonard P, Li J, Burgdorf K, Grarup N, Jørgensen T, Brandslund I, Nielsen HB, Juncker AS, Bertalan M, Levenez F, Pons N, Rasmussen S, Sunagawa S, Tap J, Tims S, Zoetendal EG, Brunak S, Clément K, Doré J, Kleerebezem M, Kristiansen K, Renault P, Sicheritz-Ponten T, de Vos WM, Zucker JD, Raes J, Hansen T, MetaHIT consortium, Bork P, Wang J, Ehrlich SD, Pedersen O. Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature. 2013;500(7464):541–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • León Aguilera XE, Manzano A, Pirela D, Bermúdez V. Probiotics and gut microbiota in obesity: myths and realities of a new health revolution. J Pers Med. 2022;12(8):1282.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ley RE, Bäckhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD, Gordon JI. Obesity alters gut microbial ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(31):11070–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ley RE, Turnbaugh PJ, Klein S, Gordon JI. Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1022–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh PJ, Ramey RR, Bircher JS, Schlegel ML, Tucker TA, Schrenzel MD, Knight R, Gordon JI. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science. 2008;320(5883):1647–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Merra G, Noce A, Marrone G, Cintoni M, Tarsitano MG, Capacci A, De Lorenzo A. Influence of Mediterranean diet on human gut microbiota. Nutrients. 2020;13(1):7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moran-Ramos S, López-Contreras BE, Canizales-Quinteros S. Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic abnormalities: a matter of composition or functionality? Arch Med Res. 2017;48(8):735–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The possible role of antimicrobial proteins in obesity-associated immunologic alterations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2014;10(7):855–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muccioli GG, Naslain D, Bäckhed F, Reigstad CS, Lambert DM, Delzenne NM, Cani PD. The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis. Mol Syst Biol. 2010;6:392.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mujico JR, Baccan GC, Gheorghe A, Díaz LE, Marcos A. Changes in gut microbiota due to supplemented fatty acids in diet-induced obese mice. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(4):711–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nihei N, Okamoto H, Furune T, Ikuta N, Sasaki K, Rimbach G, Yoshikawa Y, Terao K. Dietary α-cyclodextrin modifies gut microbiota and reduces fat accumulation in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice. Biofactors. 2018;7:336–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Núñez IN, Galdeano CM, de LeBlanc AM, Perdigón G. Evaluation of immune response, microbiota, and blood markers after probiotic bacteria administration in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. Nutrition. 2014;30(11–12):1423–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osterberg KL, Boutagy NE, McMillan RP, Stevens JR, Frisard MI, Kavanaugh JW, Davy BM, Davy KP, Hulver MW. Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high-fat diet in healthy young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015;23(12):2364–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pallister T, Jackson MA, Martin TC, Glastonbury CA, Jennings A, Beaumont M, Mohney RP, Small KS, MacGregor A, Steves CJ, Cassidy A, Spector TD, Menni C, Valdes AM. Untangling the relationship between diet and visceral fat mass through blood metabolomics and gut microbiome profiling. Int J Obes. 2017;41(7):1106–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmisano S, Campisciano G, Silvestri M, Guerra M, Giuricin M, Casagranda B, Comar M, de Manzini N. Changes in gut microbiota composition after bariatric surgery: a new Balance to decode. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020;24(8):1736–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parks BW, Nam E, Org E, Kostem E, Norheim F, Hui ST, Pan C, Civelek M, Rau CD, Bennett BJ, Mehrabian M, Ursell LK, He A, Castellani LW, Zinker B, Kirby M, Drake TA, Drevon CA, Knight R, Gargalovic P, Kirchgessner T, Eskin E, Lusis AJ. Genetic control of obesity and gut microbiota composition in response to high-fat, high-sucrose diet in mice. Cell Metab. 2013;17(1):141–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Parnell JA, Reimer RA. Prebiotic fiber modulation of the gut microbiota improves risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gut Microbes. 2012;3(1):29–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson E, O’ Doherty RM, Murphy EF, Wall R, O’ Sullivan O, Nilaweera K, Fitzgerald GF, Cotter PD, Ross RP, Stanton C. Impact of dietary fatty acids on metabolic activity and host intestinal microbiota composition in C57BL/6J mice. Br J Nutr. 2014;111(11):1905–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peters BA, Shapiro JA, Church TR, Miller G, Trinh-Shevrin C, Yuen E, Friedlander C, Hayes RB, Ahn J. A taxonomic signature of obesity in a large study of American adults. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):9749.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Piaggi P. Metabolic determinants of weight gain in humans. Obesity. 2019;27:691–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Vacca M, De Angelis M, Farella I, Lanza E, Khalil M, Wang DQ, Sperandio M, Di Ciaula A. Gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids: implications in glucose homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(3):1105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rastelli M, Knauf C, Cani PD. Gut microbes and health: a focus on the mechanisms linking microbes, obesity, and related disorders. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26:792–800.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ridaura VK, Faith JJ, Rey FE, Cheng J, Duncan AE, Kau AL, Griffin NW, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Ilkayeva O, Semenkovich CF, Funai K, Hayashi DK, Lyle BJ, Martini MC, Ursell LK, Clemente JC, Van Treuren W, Walters WA, Knight R, Newgard CB, Heath AC, Gordon JI. Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice. Science. 2013;341(6150):1241214.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schenck LP, Surette MG, Bowdish DM. Composition and immunological significance of the upper respiratory tract microbiota. FEBS Lett. 2016;590(21):3705–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RK, Chang HW, Yan D, Lee KM, Ucmak D, Wong K, Abrouk M, Farahnik B, Nakamura M, Zhu TH, Bhutani T, Liao W. Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):73.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh V, Lee G, Son H, Koh H, Kim ES, Unno T, Shin JH. Butyrate producers. The Sentinel of Gut: Their intestinal significance with and beyond butyrate, and prospective use as microbial therapeutics. Front Microbiol. 2023;12(13):1103836

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaiss CA, Zeevi D, Levy M, Zilberman-Schapira G, Suez J, Tengeler AC, Abramson L, Katz MN, Korem T, Zmora N, Kuperman Y, Biton I, Gilad S, Harmelin A, Shapiro H, Halpern Z, Segal E, Elinav E. Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell. 2014;159:514–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas MS, Blesso CN, Calle MC, Chun OK, Puglisi M, Fernandez ML. Dietary influences on gut microbiota with a focus on metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2022;20(8):429–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tremaroli V, Karlsson F, Werling M, Ståhlman M, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Olbers T, Fändriks L, le Roux CW, Nielsen J, Bäckhed F. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical banded Gastroplasty induce long-term changes on the human gut microbiome contributing to fat mass regulation. Cell Metab. 2015;22(2):228–38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE, Sogin ML, Jones WJ, Roe BA, Affourtit JP, Egholm M, Henrissat B, Heath AC, Knight R, Gordon JI. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature. 2009;457(7228):480–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vallianou N, Stratigou T, Christodoulatos GS, Dalamaga M. Understanding the role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders: current evidence and perspectives. Curr Obes Rep. 2019;8(3):317–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walker AW, Ince J, Duncan SH, Webster LM, Holtrop G, Ze X, Brown D, Stares MD, Scott P, Bergerat A, Louis P, McIntosh F, Johnstone AM, Lobley GE, Parkhill J, Flint HJ. Dominant and diet-responsive groups of bacteria within the human colonic microbiota. ISME J. 2011;5(2):220–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, Keilbaugh SA, Bewtra M, Knights D, Walters WA, Knight R, Sinha R, Gilroy E, Gupta K, Baldassano R, Nessel L, Li H, Bushman FD, Lewis JD. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011;334(6052):105–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, DiBaise JK, Zuccolo A, Kudrna D, Braidotti M, Yu Y, Parameswaran P, Crowell MD, Wing R, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(7):2365–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhernakova A, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, Tigchelaar EF, Schirmer M, Vatanen T, Mujagic Z, Vila AV, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Wang J, Imhann F, Brandsma E, Jankipersadsing SA, Joossens M, Cenit MC, Deelen P, Swertz MA, LifeLines cohort study, Weersma RK, Feskens EJ, Netea MG, Gevers D, Jonkers D, Franke L, Aulchenko YS, Huttenhower C, Raes J, Hofker MH, Xavier RJ, Wijmenga C, Fu J. Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science. 2016;352(6285):565–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

    Giulia Angelini, Sara Russo & Geltrude Mingrone

  2. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Geltrude Mingrone

  3. Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Geltrude Mingrone

Authors
  1. Giulia Angelini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Russo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Geltrude Mingrone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Geltrude Mingrone .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Federici

  2. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

    Rossella Menghini

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Angelini, G., Russo, S., Mingrone, G. (2024). Gut Microbiota and Obesity. In: Federici, M., Menghini, R. (eds) Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites and Cardiometabolic Risk. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35064-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35064-1_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-35063-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-35064-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation