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Dietary Phytochemical Index as a Biomarker in Nutritional Studies: Features and Applications

The Dietary Phytochemical Index

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Biomarkers in Nutrition

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Abstract

Phytochemicals are bioactive nutrient plant chemicals that may provide desirable health benefits beyond basic nutrition to reduce the risk of major non-communicable diseases. Phytochemical content in different dietary patterns can be evaluated by the dietary phytochemical index (DPI). DPI is defined as the percent of dietary calories derived from foods rich in phytochemicals including fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and foods compounded therefrom. There is some evidence assessing the effects of dietary quality via DPI on the risk of different non-communicable diseases. In this chapter, we evaluated the health protection effect of phytochemical-rich diets using DPI as a dietary biomarker in nutritional epidemiology and summarized the results of studies that investigated the association between DPI and various disorders including obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and neurological disorders.

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Abbreviations

AhR:

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

BIA:

Body adiposity index

BMI:

Body mass index

CIs:

Confidence intervals

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DII:

Dietary inflammatory index

DPI:

Dietary phytochemical index

EDIP:

Empirically developed dietary inflammatory potential

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

FFQ:

Food frequency questionnaire

HbA1C:

Hemoglobin A1C

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Med-DQI:

Mediterranean dietary quality index

miRNA:

Micro-ribonucleic acid

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NCDs:

Non-communicable diseases

nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance test

ORs:

Odds ratios

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Triglycerides

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

WC:

Waist circumference

WHO:

World Health Organization

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  1. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Pooneh Angoorani & Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed

  2. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Mostafa Qorbani

  4. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mostafa Qorbani

Authors
  1. Mostafa Qorbani
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  2. Pooneh Angoorani
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  3. Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Qorbani, M., Angoorani, P., Ejtahed, HS. (2022). Dietary Phytochemical Index as a Biomarker in Nutritional Studies: Features and Applications. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Nutrition . Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07389-2_18

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