Skip to main content

Iristectorigenin A: Advances on Its Resources, Biological Activities, Molecular Mechanisms of Action, and Future Perspectives

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Dietary Flavonoids

Abstract

Iristectorigenin A is a polyphenol existing primarily in rhizomes and leaves of various plant family species but mainly has been reported in Iridaceae family. Many research works have revealed that dietary iristectorigenin A can effectively diminish the risk of chronic ailments like cancer, diabetes, obesity, inflammatory diseases, and oxidative-related diseases. Iristectorigenin A may assist by boosting the body’s antioxidant protection against free radicals, which stimulate the progression of a variety of ailments. Iristectorigenin A has been shown to amend several important fundamentals in cellular signal transduction pathways that are related to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation at the molecular level. The goal of this chapter is to afford an insight into the molecular basis of iristectorigenin A’s probable biological actions as well as to synthesize information about its chemistry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akashi T, Ishizaki M, Aoki T, Ayabe S-I (2005) Isoflavonoid production by adventitious-root cultures of Iris germanica (Iridaceae). Plant Biotechnol 22(3):207–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akther N, Andrabi K, Nissar A, Ganaie S, Chandan BK, Gupta AP, Khuswant M, Sultana S, Shawl AS (2014) Hepatoprotective activity of LC–ESI-MS standardized Iris spuria rhizome extract on its main bioactive constituents. Phytomedicine 21(10):1202–1207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Association, A. D (2015) 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 38(supplement 1) S8–S16

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagheri S, Salehi I, Ramezani-Aliakbari F, Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A (2022) Neuroprotective effect of geraniol on neurological disorders: a review article. Mol Biol Rep 49:10865. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07755-w

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bukvički D, Novaković M, Ab Ghani N, Marin PD, Asakawa Y (2018) Secondary metabolites from endemic species Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić (Iridaceae). Nat Prod Res 32(15):1849–1852

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calderaro J, Ziol M, Paradis V, Zucman-Rossi J (2019) Molecular and histological correlations in liver cancer. J Hepatol 71(3):616–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, Ruan L, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M (2020) A trial of lopinavir–ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med 382:1787

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Wu C-M, Dai R-J, Li L, Yu Y-H, Li Y, Meng W-W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Deng Y-L (2011) Combination of HPLC chromatogram and hypoglycemic effect identifies isoflavones as the principal active fraction of Belamcanda chinensis leaf extract in diabetes treatment. J Chromatogr B 879(5):371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.12.022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choy K-T, Wong AY-L, Kaewpreedee P, Sia SF, Chen D, Hui KPY, Chu DKW, Chan MCW, Cheung PP-H, Huang X (2020) Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Antivir Res 178:104786

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS (2021) Plant flavonoids: chemical characteristics and biological activity. Molecules 26(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175377

  • Dixit P, Chand K, Khan MP, Siddiqui JA, Tewari D, Ngueguim FT, Chattopadhyay N, Maurya R (2012) Phytoceramides and acylated phytosterol glucosides from Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. Seed coat and their osteogenic activity. Phytochemistry 81:117–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eu G-H, Woo W-S, Chung H-S, Woo E-H (1991) Isoflavonoids of Belamcanda chinensis (II). Korean J Pharmacogn 22(1):13–17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Bray F (2021) Cancer statistics for the year 2020: an overview [10.1002/ijc.33588]. Int J Cancer 149(4):778–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrall L, Lin KY, Roden RBS, Hung C-F, Wu T-C (2021) Cervical cancer immunotherapy: facts and hopes. Clin Cancer Res 27(18):4953–4973. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-20-2833

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Forner A, Llovet JM, Bruix J (2012) Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 379(9822):1245–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61347-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fu C, Liu M, Li Y, Wang K, Yang B, Deng L, Tian J, Yang G, Zheng G (2020) UPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap MS analysis for identification of lipophilic components in citri sarcodactylis fructus from different origins in China using supercritical CO2 fluid extraction method. ACS omega 5(19):11013–11023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gandaglia G, Leni R, Bray F, Fleshner N, Freedland SJ, Kibel A, Stattin P, Van Poppel H, La Vecchia C (2021) Epidemiology and prevention of prostate cancer. European urology oncology, vol 4, p 877

    Google Scholar 

  • González-Paramás AM, Ayuda-Durán B, Martínez S, González-Manzano S, Santos-Buelga C (2019) The mechanisms behind the biological activity of flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 26(39):6976–6990

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu C, Ma S (2018) Recent development of lipoxygenase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents. Medchemcomm 9(2):212–225. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7md00390k

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Z-W, Song X, Lin J-H (2020) In silico approach to explore the mechanism of bioactive ingredients from Belamcandae rhizoma against COVID-19. Asian Toxicol Res 2(4):130–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imperatore G, Mayer-Davis EJ, Orchard TJ, Zhong VW (2018) Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes among children and adults in the United States and comparison with non-US countries. Diabetes in America. 3rd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US). Chapter 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang SW, Kim MC, Kim CY, Jung SH, Um BH (2008) The rapid identification of isoflavonoids from Belamcanda chinensis by LC-NMR and LC-MS. Chem Pharm Bull 56(10):1452–1454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karak P (2019) Biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. Int J Pharm Sci Res 10(4):1567–1574

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karpitskiy DA, Bessonova EA, Kartsova LA, Tikhomirova LI (2022) Development of approach for flavonoid profiling of biotechnological raw materials Iris sibirica L. by HPLC with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Phytochem Anal 33(6):869–878. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim HK, Cheon BS, Kim YH, Kim SY, Kim HP (1999) Effects of naturally occurring flavonoids on nitric oxide production in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and their structure–activity relationships. Biochem Pharmacol 58(5):759–765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y-J, Lee H-S, Kim YK, Park S, Kim J-M, Yun JH, Yu H-Y, Kim B-J (2016) Association of metabolites with obesity and type 2 diabetes based on FTO genotype. PLoS One 11(6):e0156612

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kostić AŽ, Gašić UM, Pešić MB, Stanojević SP, Barać MB, Mačukanović-Jocić MP, Avramov SN, Tešić ŽL (2019) Phytochemical analysis and total antioxidant capacity of rhizome, above-ground vegetative parts and flower of three iris species. Chem Biodivers 16(3):e1800565

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuang F, Liu Y, Chen Y-G, Zhan R (2020) Aromatic compounds from Endocomia macrocoma. Nat Prod Res 34(3):390–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1534851

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lavie CJ, De Schutter A, Parto P, Jahangir E, Kokkinos P, Ortega FB, Arena R, Milani RV (2016) Obesity and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and prognosis – the obesity paradox updated. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 58(5):537–547

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee S-H, Ryu J-Y, Son D-W, Kim K-S, Lee S-C, Kim B-K (2004) Decursin from the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis. Nat Prod Sci 10(2):89–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YS, Kim SH, Kim JK, Lee S, Jung SH, Lim SS (2011) Preparative isolation and purification of seven isoflavones from Belamcanda chinensis. Phytochem Anal 22(5):468–473

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levi SM, Brimble AM (2004) A review of neuroprotective agents. Curr Med Chem 11(18):2383–2397. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364522

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li G, De Clercq E (2020) Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat Rev Drug Discov 19(3):149–150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Li WZ, Huang W, Cheung AW, Bi CW, Duan R, Guo AJ, Dong TT, Tsim KW (2009) Quality evaluation of Rhizoma Belamcandae (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1216(11):2071–2078

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Xia T-R (2021) Identification of the metabolites produced following Iris tectorum maxim oral administration and a network pharmacology-based analysis of their potential pharmacological properties. Xenobiotica 51(6):680–688

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Yang S, Jin L, Hu D, Wu Z, Yang S (2012) Chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC roots and their antitumor activities. Molecules 17(5):6156–6169. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17056156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lugrin J, Rosenblatt-Velin N, Parapanov R, Liaudet L (2014) The role of oxidative stress during inflammatory processes. Biol Chem 395(2):203–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meng T, Xiao D, Muhammed A, Deng J, Chen L, He J (2021) Anti-inflammatory action and mechanisms of resveratrol. Molecules 26(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010229

  • Muema FW, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Guo M (2022) Flavonoids from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron and their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Antioxidants 11(6):1189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nasim S, Baig I, Jalil S, Orhan I, Sener B, Choudhary MI (2003) Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica. J Ethnopharmacol 86(2–3):177–180

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okba MM, Abdel Baki PM, Abu-Elghait M, Shehabeldine AM, El-Sherei MM, Khaleel AE, Salem MA (2022) UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the underground parts of common iris species in relation to their anti-virulence activities against Staphylococcus aureus. J Ethnopharmacol 282:114658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114658

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pan S, Jun-Li H, Gang W, Bo-Yang Y, Min-Jian Q (2010) Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Iris tectorum by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Chin J Nat Med 8(3):202–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park MY, Kim Y, Ha SE, Kim HH, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Jeong SH, Kim GS (2022) Function and application of flavonoids in the breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci 23(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147732

  • Petroni G, Buqué A, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L (2021) Immunomodulation by targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell 39(3):310–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2020.11.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quan L-T, Wang S-C, Zhang J (2015) Chemical constituents from polygonatum odoratum. Biochem Syst Ecol 58:281–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2014.12.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman A-U, Nasim S, Baig I, Jalil S, Orhan I, Sener B, Choudhary MI (2003) Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica. J Ethnopharmacol 86(2):177–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00055-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rakotondrabe TF, Fan M-X, Zhang Y-L, Guo M-Q (2022) Simultaneous screening and analysis of anti-inflammatory and Antiproliferative compounds from Euphorbia maculata combining bio-affinity ultrafiltration with multiple drug targets. J Anal Test 6:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds CJ, Quigley K, Cheng X, Suresh A, Tahir S, Ahmed-Jushuf F, Nawab K, Choy K, Walker SA, Mathie SA, Sim M, Stowell J, Manji J, Pollard T, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ (2018) Lung defense through IL-8 carries a cost of chronic lung remodeling and impaired function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 59(5):557–571. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2018-0007oc

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Roger B, Jeannot V, Fernandez X, Cerantola S, Chahboun J (2012) Characterisation and quantification of flavonoids in Iris germanica L. and Iris pallida lam. Resinoids from Morocco. Phytochem Anal 23(5):450–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.1379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sala E, Guasch L, Iwaszkiewicz J, Mulero M, Salvadó M-J, Bladé C, Ceballos M, Valls C, Zoete V, Grosdidier A (2011) Identification of human IKK-2 inhibitors of natural origin (part II): in silico prediction of IKK-2 inhibitors in natural extracts with known anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 46(12):6098–6103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schieber M, Chandel NS (2014) ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress. Curr Biol 24(10):R453–R462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.034

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shedden-Mora MC, Pan Y, Heisig SR, von Blanckenburg P, Rief W, Witzel I, Albert U-S, Nestoriuc Y (2020) Optimizing expectations about endocrine treatment for breast cancer: results of the randomized controlled PSY-BREAST trial. Clin Psychol Europe 2:e2695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherry V (2022) Lung cancer: prevention and early identification are key. Nurse Pract 47(7):42. https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/Fulltext/2022/07000/Lung_cancer__Prevention_and_early_identification.10.aspx

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shi J, Hu H, Harnett J, Zheng X, Liang Z, Wang Y-T, Ung COL (2019) An evaluation of randomized controlled trials on nutraceuticals containing traditional Chinese medicines for diabetes management: a systematic review. Chin Med 14(1):1–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Bajpai V, Sharma A, Singh B, Kumar B (2019) Chemical profiling and discrimination of medicinal Himalayan Iris species using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis. Br J Anal Chem 6:25

    Google Scholar 

  • Souhila T, Fatma Zohra B, Tahar HS (2019) Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds of Artemisia herba-alba at three harvest time by HPLC–ESI–Q-TOF–MS. Int J Food Prop 22(1):843–852

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Mohamad Zin N, Kosai NR (2020) Epidemiology and role of helicobacter pylori virulence factors in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. APMIS 128(2):150–161

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Liu Z, Wang J (2011) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of five isoflavones from Iris tectorum maxim. Sep Purif Technol 78(1):49–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Harbarth S, Mendelson M, Monnet DL, Pulcini C, Kahlmeter G, Kluytmans J, Carmeli Y (2018) Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 18(3):318–327

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tarbeeva DV, Fedoreyev SA, Veselova MV, Kalinovskiy AI, Seletskaya LD, Mazurok TI, Bulgakov VP (2013) Polyphenolic compounds from callus cultures of iris Pseudacorus. Nat Prod Commun 8(10):1934578X1300801020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300801020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thaipitakwong T, Supasyndh O, Rasmi Y, Aramwit P (2020) A randomized controlled study of dose-finding, efficacy, and safety of mulberry leaves on glycemic profiles in obese persons with borderline diabetes. Complement Ther Med 49:102292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang G, Dong J (2022) Network pharmacology approach to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mulberry leaf components for obesity. Exp Ther Med 23(1):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G, Zhu W (2016) Molecular docking for drug discovery and development: a widely used approach but far from perfect. Future Med Chem 8(14):1707–1710

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Tian J, Li Y, Liu M, Chao Y, Cai Y, Zheng G, Fang Y (2021) Identification of components in Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different origins via UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. ACS Omega 6(26):17045–17057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Waswa EN, Muema FW, Odago WO, Mutinda ES, Nanjala C, Mkala EM, Amenu SG, Ding S-X, Li J, Hu G-W (2022) Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of the genus Blechnum – a narrative review. Pharmaceuticals 15(7):905

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf I, Gratzke C, Wolf P (2022) Prostate cancer stem cells: clinical aspects and targeted therapies. Front Oncol 12:935715. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.935715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Q, Hu Y (2021) Systematic evaluation of the mechanisms of mulberry leaf (Morus alba Linne) acting on diabetes based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 24(5):668–682. https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207323666200914103719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Ren S, Chen T, Hui A, Zhang W (2020) Separation and purification of six isoflavones from Iris tectorum maxim by macroporous resin-based column chromatography coupled with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Sep Sci Technol 55(9):1686–1694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuniqiemu T, Teng F, Qin J, Lv Y, Nabijan M, Luo Q, Zhou Y, Cui J, Yi L, Tang W, Zhu X, Amangu, Wang, S, Abduwaki M, Nurahmat M, Wei Y, Dong JC (2022) Iristectorigenin A exerts novel protective properties against airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in OVA-induced asthmatic mice: Iristectorigenin A ameliorates asthma phenotype. Phytomedicine 104:154252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154252

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie G-Y, Zhu Y, Shu P, Qin X-Y, Wu G, Wang Q, Qin M-J (2014) Phenolic metabolite profiles and antioxidants assay of three Iridaceae medicinal plants for traditional Chinese medicine “she-Gan” by on-line HPLC–DAD coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) and ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 98:40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Q, Xie H, Wu P, Wei X (2013) Flavonoids from the capitula of Eriocaulon australe. Food Chem 139(1–4):149–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X, Jiang S, Wang G, Zhang R, Zhang J, Zhu J (2015) Link of obesity and gastrointestinal cancer: crossroad of inflammation and oxidative stress. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 29(4):755–760

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • You KM, Jong H-G, Kim HP (1999) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase from human platelets by polyhydroxylated/methoxylated flavonoids isolated from medicinal plants. Arch Pharm Res 22(1):18–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y-Y, Wang Q, Qi L-W, Qin X-Y, Qin M-J (2011) Characterization and determination of the major constituents in Belamcandae Rhizoma by HPLC–DAD–ESI-MSn. J Pharm Biomed Anal 56(2):304–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.040

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou H, Zhang Y, Liang H, Song H, Zhao J, Liu L, Zeng J, Sun L, Ma S, Meng D (2021) A novel multidimensional strategy to evaluate Belamcanda chinensis (L) DC and Iris tectorum maxim based on plant metabolomics, digital reference standard analyzer and biological activities evaluation. Chin Med 16(1):1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Pu B-Q, Xie G-Y, Tian M, Xu F-Y, Qin M-J (2014) Dynamic changes of flavonoids contents in the different parts of rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis during the thermal drying process. Molecules 19(7):10440–10454. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190710440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mingquan Guo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Muema, F.W., Liu, Y., Guo, M. (2023). Iristectorigenin A: Advances on Its Resources, Biological Activities, Molecular Mechanisms of Action, and Future Perspectives. In: Xiao, J. (eds) Handbook of Dietary Flavonoids. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94753-8_98-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94753-8_98-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94753-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-94753-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics