Abstract
This chapter presents four cases of practical interventions in engineering systems: transforming national healthcare by construction of super hospitals; developing deep emergency response using AI; decarbonising global shipping in a global system transformation; and prototyping future urban transport systems. The cases come from two sectors, healthcare and transport, and demonstrate interventions of various complexities and lifecycles. To ensure comparability, each case is developed based on a common analytical framework and in-depth interviews with leading practitioners working on transforming engineering systems. Findings across the cases document five learning points. Engineering systems design does: firstly, apply a systems perspective to understand the entanglement of different system elements, their connections, boundaries, and causal effects; secondly, evaluate the value of these systems in the light of current performance, state of play, (future) technological possibilities, and user needs to identify complication and societal business cases for interventions; thirdly, organise a lineage of projects and programmes across time and space for systematised experimentation to explore the solutions space and implementation at different levels in the engineering system; fourthly, embed standardisation and flexibility in the system for maintaining value delivery while embracing future needs and opportunities; and finally, carefully navigate the complex and dynamic stakeholder landscapes, manage, and develop the discourse within and around the systems through user and public engagement to ensure benefit realisation of the intervention.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
1813 – Akuttelefonen (no date). Available at: https://www.regionh.dk/Sundhed/Akut-hjælp/1813/Sider/default.aspx. Accessed 6 June 2021
Andersen SN (2016) Participatory simulation in hospital work system design. DTU Management Engineering
Bach D (2020) How international health care organizations are using bots to help fight COVID-19 |, Microsoft News. Available at: https://news.microsoft.com/transform/how-international-health-care-organizations-are-using-bots-to-help-fight-covid-19/. Accessed 6 June 2021
Balcombe P, Brierley J, Lewis C, Skatvedt L, Speirs J, Hawkes A, Staffell I (2019) How to decarbonise international shipping: options for fuels, technologies and policies. Energy Convers Manag 182:72–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2018.12.080
Bekdik B, Thuesen C (2016) Reinventing the hospital – a study of lost synergies in Danish healthcare. In: Engineering Project Organization conference
Bergendorf (2019) Inteview with Mads Bergendorf
Blomberg SN (2018) Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen The Capital Region of Denmark Machine learning-use of AI in medical dispatch PhD project by Nikolaj Blomberg. Available at: http://genoplivning.dk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Machine_Learning-_Use_of_AI_in_medical_Frederik_Folke.pdf. Accessed 3 May 2020
Blomberg SN et al (2019) Machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls. Resuscitation, vol 138. Elsevier Ireland Ltd, pp 322–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.01.015
Blomberg SN et al (2021) Effect of machine learning on dispatcher recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during calls to emergency medical services: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open Am Med Assoc 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.32320
Burkholder TW, Hill K, Hynes EJC (2019) Developing emergency care systems: a human rights-based approach. Bull World Health Organ 97(9):612–619. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.226605
Center for Zero Carbon Shipping. (2021) Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping. https://zerocarbonshipping.com/
Danish Ministry of Health (2017) Healthcare in Denmark an overview. Available at: http://www.sum.dk. Accessed 26 Apr 2020
de Weck OL, Roos D, Magee CL (2011) Engineering systems. Meeting human needs in a complex technological world. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London
DST (2019) Statistics Denmark, LIVING CONDITIONS (Visited 01.10.2019). Available at: https://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectTable/omrade0.asp?SubjectCode=05&PLanguage=0&ShowNews=OFF
EMS Leadership Network (no date). Available at: https://emsleadershipnetwork.org/. Accessed 9 May 2020
Esundhed (2019) eSundhed (Visited 01.10.2019). Available at: https://www.esundhed.dk/Emner/Operationer-og-diagnoser/Operationer
Gamst-Jensen H et al (2018) Self-rated worry in acute care telephone triage: a mixed-methods study. Br J Gen Pract R Coll Gen Pract 68(668):e197–e203. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X695021
Gates H (2019) EMS around the world: Denmark prides itself on innovation|EMS world. Available at: https://www.emsworld.com/article/1223380/ems-around-world-denmark-prides-itself-innovation. Accessed 26 Apr 2020
Godtsygehusbyggeri (2019) Godt sygehusbyggeri, Danish regions. https://godtsygehusbyggeri.dk/. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
Global Maritime Forum (2021) Getting to zero coalition. https://www.globalmaritimeforum.org/getting-to-zero-coalition/
GRA (2019) Steady increase in survival: 50% improvement is possible. GlobalResuscitationAlliance.org. https://www.globalresuscitationalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GRA_Data_Collection.pdf. Accessed 26 Sept 2021
Hansen (2019) Interview with Bent Hansen
Healthcare Denmark (2019) Emergency medical services. Available at: http://www.healthcaredenmark.dk/media/r4fjiqbj/ems.pdf. Accessed 26 Apr 2020
Impressions from EMS2018|EMS2022 Scotland (no date). Available at: https://emseurope.org/impressions-from-ems2018/. Accessed 8 June 2021
Jørgensen BH, Andersen KK, Nielsen OA (2019) Transforming urban mobility. DTU international energy report 2019. DTU, Kongens Lyngby
Juhl E (2010) SCREENING OG VURDERING II. Afgivet af regeringens ekspertpanel. Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet, Copenhagen. From Danish; Screening and estimation II released as a result of the government expert panel (2010). Interior and Health Ministeries, Copenhagen
Life in Denmark (no date) Emergencies. Available at: https://lifeindenmark.borger.dk/healthcare/emergencies. Accessed 16 May 2021
Lindskou TA et al (2019) The Danish prehospital emergency healthcare system and research possibilities. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-019-0676-5
Lippert F (2019) Personal communication with Freddy Lippert
Lippert F (2020) Freddy Lippert (@FreddyLippert)/Twitter. Available at: https://twitter.com/freddylippert?lang=en. Accessed 26 Apr 2020
Lippert F (2021) Freddy Lippert (@FreddyLippert)/Twitter. Available at: https://twitter.com/freddylippert?lang=en. Accessed 15 May 2021
Maxmen A (2018) Self-driving car dilemmas reveal that moral choices are not universal. Nature. News article, 24 Oct 2018
Mission Innovate (2021) Mission Innovate – Homepage. http://mission-innovation.net/
North East Ambulance Service and Ciphermed (2017) Out Of hospital resuscitation: it takes a system to save a life – YouTube video. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmn9oQA9QFo. Accessed 9 May 2020
OECD (2019) OECD.Stat Health (Visited 01.10.2019). Available at: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?ThemeTreeId=9#
Region Hovedstadens Akutberedskab on Twitter: How international health care organizations are using bots to help fight COVID-19 https://t.co/GjUocWuFkk/Twitter (no date). Available at: https://twitter.com/akutberedskabet/status/1247883070864150531. Accessed 6 June 2021
Reynolds TA et al (2017) Strengthening health systems to provide emergency care. In: Disease control priorities. Improving health and reducing poverty, vol 9, 3rd edn. The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch13
SAE (2016) Surface vehicle recommended practice. J3016â„¢. (R) Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to driving automation systems for on-road motor vehicles. SEP2016. SAE International
Slawos (2013) Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Terminal DCT Gdańsk, Port Północny – CC BY-SA 3.0. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mærsk_Mc-Kinney_Møller.jpg
Stephanie Lose – Regionsrådsformand i Region Syddanmark (V) (no date). Available at: https://www.stephanielose.dk/. Accessed 6 June 2021
Stone M, Li J (2021) Shipping and carbon zero: an interview with Bo Cerup-Simonsen. McKinsey & Company
Sundhedsloven (2019) (LBK nr 903). [Online]. Kbh: Sundheds- og ældreministeriet (Visited 01.10.2019). Available at: https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=210110
The Capital Region of Denmark (2020a) Ambulances. Available at: https://www.regionh.dk/english/Healthcare-Services/Emergency-Medical-Services/Copenhagen-Emergency-medical-services/Pages/Ambulances.aspx. Accessed 3 May 2020
The Capital Region of Denmark (2020b) Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services. Available at: https://www.regionh.dk/english/Healthcare-Services/Emergency-Medical-Services/Copenhagen-Emergency-medicalservices/Pages/Emergency%20Medical%20Coordination%20Centre%20of%20the%20Capital%20Region%20of%20Denmark.aspx. Accessed 3 May 2020
The Capital Region of Denmark (2020c) Emergency Medical Dispatch Center of the Capital Region of Denmark. Available at: https://www.regionh.dk/english/Healthcare-Services/Emergency-Medical-Services/Copenhagen-Emergency-medicalservices/Pages/Emergency%20Medical%20Coordination%20Centre%20of%20the%20Capital%20Region%20of%20Denmark.aspx. Accessed 2 May 2020
Tiseo I (2021) CO2 emissions in worldwide shipping in 2020, by ship type (in million metric tons CO2). Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/216048/worldwide-co2-emissions-by-ship-type/
Topol EJ (2019) Deep medicine: how artificial intelligence can make healthcare human again. Basic Books
UITP (2017) Policy brief of the international association of public transport (UITP). Autonomous vehicles: a potential game changer for urban mobility. January 2017
UK-RAS (2019) Ethical issues for robotics and autonomous systems. UK-RAS White papers 2019, ISSN 2516-5011
WHO (2019) Emergency and trauma care Emergency care systems for universal health coverage: ensuring timely care for the acutely ill and injured Report by the Director-General, 24 Apr, pp 9–14. Available at: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA71/A71_4-en.pdf?ua=1or. Accessed 8 May 2020
Züst R, Troxler P (2006) No more muddling through. Springer, Dordrecht
Acknowledgments
The description of the case in many parts was prompted and inspired by the expressed views of Mads Bergendorf in conversation interview with Igor Kozine. Mads Bergendorf’s time, knowledge, and shared opinion on the future of public transport systems are highly appreciated .
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Thuesen, C., Kozine, I., Maier, A., Oehmen, J. (2023). Engineering Systems Interventions in Practice: Cases from Healthcare and Transport. In: Maier, A., Oehmen, J., Vermaas, P.E. (eds) Handbook of Engineering Systems Design. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46054-9_29-3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46054-9_29-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-46054-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-46054-9
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Engineering Systems Interventions in Practice: Cases from Healthcare and Transport- Published:
- 06 January 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46054-9_29-3
-
Engineering Systems Interventions in Practice: Cases from Healthcare and Transport
- Published:
- 10 May 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46054-9_29-2
-
Original
Engineering Systems Interventions in Practice- Published:
- 12 April 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46054-9_29-1