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Bioactive Compounds of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh)

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Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruits and Nuts

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Camu-camu is a shrub, native to the Amazon that thrives in areas where flooding is frequent. Genetically, the plant is characterized by a diploid genome and moderate genetic diversity. Several parts of the plant are used in traditional folk medicine to treat a variety of acute and chronic diseases. For over 50 years, the exceptionally high vitamin C content of camu-camu has attracted worldwide attention that continues today because of the recent discovery of several health-promoting phytochemicals with corroborated biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic). All of these beneficial attributes are well supported by in vitro and in vivo studies as well as human clinical trials. The metabolic precursors of these phytochemicals are synthesized in key metabolic pathways (i.e., the shikimate pathway, the mevalonate pathway). Of these metabolic pathways, we show details for the biosynthesis of betulinic acid, trans-resveratrol, and syringic acid. In conclusion, camu-camu is an exceptional plant for its ability to produce and accumulate significant amounts of a variety of health-promoting phytochemicals. Although several metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of these phytochemicals have been reconstructed based on fruit and seedling transcriptomes, detailed knowledge of the vast majority of metabolic pathways and their molecular regulatory mechanisms is lacking. Consequently, we must increase our knowledge of the metabolic processes using multi-omic approaches so that we can acquire the skills necessary to develop genetically improved varieties of camu-camu and implement biotechnological applications for the production of these bioactive phytochemicals.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP) for providing funds to develop the research projects approved by R.R. N° 1657-2012-UNAP and R.R. N° 0686-2015-UNAP. We also thank the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA) – San Roque-Iquitos for providing access to the germplasm collection of camu-camu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Specialized Unit of Biotechnology, Research Center of Natural Resources of the Amazon (CIRNA), National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru

    Juan C. Castro, Jorge L. Marapara, Hicler N. Rodríguez & Carlos G. Castro

  2. Academic Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru

    Juan C. Castro, Jorge L. Marapara & Janeth Braga

  3. Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA

    J. Dylan Maddox

  4. Environmental Sciences, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV, USA

    J. Dylan Maddox

  5. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioenergetics, Scientific University of Peru (UCP), Iquitos, Peru

    Marianela Cobos & Jae D. Paredes

  6. Conservation Area of Plant Genetic Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA), Iquitos, Peru

    Sixto A. Imán

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  1. Juan C. Castro
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  9. Carlos G. Castro
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Correspondence to Juan C. Castro .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India

    Vishwas Anant Bapat

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

  2. Department of Horticulture, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chenogju, Republic of Korea

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy

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Castro, J.C. et al. (2020). Bioactive Compounds of Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh). In: Murthy, H., Bapat, V. (eds) Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruits and Nuts. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06120-3_21-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06120-3_21-1

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