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Health Services Research

Handbook of Epidemiology

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Abstract

After a brief introduction into the general field of health services research, a large section deals with the specific issues arising when epidemiological or statistical methods are used to study health services. This is followed by sections describing the main fields of investigation which are usually thought of as pertaining to the wider realm of health services research. These are studies of demand, need, utilization, and access to health services which have the interface between the patient and health services in common. The next section describes the importance of financial resources, structure, and organization for the delivery of effective and efficient health care. This is followed by a description of the processes and outcomes of health care, including concepts such as effectiveness and appropriateness of care and their use, e.g., in physician profiling or in hospital rankings. In the section on outcomes, special emphasis is put on health status measurement and the evaluation of health systems in international comparisons. Important health economic concepts, such as cost-effectiveness and efficiency, are covered in various sections. The chapter concludes with describing common pitfalls and caveats in interpreting health services research.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This survey had three predecessors in the years 1984–1986, 1987–1989, and 1990–1991 and was supplemented by the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), carried out from May 2003 to May 2006. The target population were children and adolescents aged between 0 and 17 and living in Germany (Kurth 2007). The Robert Koch Institute continued the KiGGS Study by carrying out telephone-based health interviews (Robert Koch Institute 2021).

  2. 2.

    But the increased use of cellular phones poses a problem and there is need for research to broaden the approach beyond the restrictions of the conventional telephone network.

  3. 3.

    About 10% of Medicare enrollees are younger, disabled persons, who are tracked from their time of certification.

  4. 4.

    The hospitals and the pharmacies had started to transfer their beneficiary-related data to the sickness funds long before.

  5. 5.

    Random digit dialing in order to sample for computer-assisted telephone interviews is considered as a way to handle this problem if the existing lists are not complete and the target population can be accessed by conventional telephone network.

  6. 6.

    Of course, the choice of the sampling scheme has to be relevant to the population being sampled. A population that is not completely covered by social security would be unsuitable for sampling by means of social security number.

  7. 7.

    CMS: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; HCC: Hierarchical Condition Categories

  8. 8.

    The high-cost pool consists of insured with high cost in the past year (above a fixed threshold) which are shared by all statutory sickness funds.

  9. 9.

    This trade name has its roots in the Research Triangle Institute (RTI), which was established by the universities located in the Triangle’s three cities Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill in North Carolina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Bocholt, Germany

    Thomas Schäfer

  2. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Christian A. Gericke

  3. Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany

    Reinhard Busse

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  2. Bremer Institut für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin (BIPS), Bremen, Germany

    Iris Pigeot

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Schäfer, T., Gericke, C.A., Busse, R. (2023). Health Services Research. In: Ahrens, W., Pigeot, I. (eds) Handbook of Epidemiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_38-1

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    Health Services Research
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    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_38-2

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    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_38-1

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