Oil Spills
The term “oil spill” refers to the accidental release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons to the environment. The visual nature of black oil coming ashore from a spill commonly attracts public interest on a national and even international scale, oftentimes falsely projecting damages far greater than actually occur. Of all areas, however, long-term damage from oil spillage is likely to be greatest within the ecologically rich coastal zone. Additionally, coastal tides and currents commonly increase damages as spilled oil is transported far from the site of the incident. The Exxon Valdez case provides a worst case example where over 2,000 km of Alaskan coastline was oiled from a single discharge location in Prince William Sound.
Principal reference material on oil spills can be found in the bi-annual proceedings of the International Oil Spill Conference available from the American Petroleum Institute (Washington, DC) and the annual proceedings of the Arctic Marine Oil Program...
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Cross-references
Beach Sediment Characteristics
Beaufort Wind Scale
Cleaning Beaches
Debris (see Marine Debris—Onshore, Offshore, Seafloor Litter)
Environmental Quality
Human Impact on Coasts
Rating beaches
Water Quality
Cross-references
Environmental Quality
Human Impact on Coasts
Marine Debris—Onshore, Offshore, Seafloor Litter
Oil Spills
Rock Coast Processes
Water Quality
Cross-references
Coastal Currents
Continental Shelves
Estuaries
Offshore Sand Sheets
Sediment Transport (see Cross-Shore Sediment Transport and Longshore Sediment Transport)
Shelf Processes
Storm Surge
Tidal Inlets
Tides
Cross-references
Coastal Sedimentary Facies
Continental Shelves
Ingression, Regression, and Transgression
Nearshore Sediment Transport Measurement
Offshore Sand Banks and Linear Sand Ridges
Ripple Marks
Sandy Coasts
Scour and Burial of Objects in Shallow Water
Sequence Stratigraphy
Shelf Processes
Shoreface
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Gundlach, E.R., Ritchie, W., McBride, R.A., Fenster, M.S. (2005). O. In: Schwartz, M.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_15
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