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Micro/Nanodroplets in Microfluidic Devices

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Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Fluid is often transported in the form of droplets in nature. From the formation of clouds to the condensation of dew on leaves, droplets are formed spontaneously in air, on solids and in immiscible fluids. In biological systems, droplets with lipid bilayer membranes are used to transport subnanoliter amounts of reagents between organelles, between cells, and between organs, in processes that control our day-to-day metabolic activities. The precision of such systems is self-evident and proves that droplet-based systems provide intrinsically efficient ways to perform controlled transport, reactions and signaling.

This precision and efficiency can be utilized in many lab-on-a-chip applications by manipulating individual droplets using microfabricated force gradients. Complex segmented flow processes involving generating, fusing, splitting and sorting droplets have been developed to digitally control fluid volumes and concentrations to nanoliter levels. In this chapter, microfluidic techniques for manipulating droplets are reviewed and analyzed.

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Abbreviations

DEP:

dielectrophoresis

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, 204 Rockwell Engineering Center, 92697-2715, Irvine, CA, USA

    Mike Tan Ph.D.

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, 204 Rockwell Engineering Center, 92697-2715, Irvine, CA, USA

    Abraham Lee Prof.

Authors
  1. Mike Tan Ph.D.
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  2. Abraham Lee Prof.
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Correspondence to Mike Tan Ph.D. or Abraham Lee Prof. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage and MEMS/NEMS (NLIM), Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, W 390 Scott Laboratory, Ohio 43210-1142, Columbus, OH, USA

    Bharat Bhushan Prof.

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Tan, M., Lee, A. (2007). Micro/Nanodroplets in Microfluidic Devices. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29857-1_21

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