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Phytomyxea

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of the Protists

Abstract

Phytomyxea are endoparasites of Plantae or heterokont hosts. They are distributed between two orders, the Plasmodiophorida and Phagomyxida. Several phytomyxids cause the formation of large galls on their hosts, but many are only visible via light microscopy of roots, hyphae, or phytoplankton. PCR and sequencing from environmental DNA samples is beginning to reveal many new phytomyxid lineages. Phytomyxids persist in the environment as thick-walled, uninucleate resting spores. These germinate to produce zoospores which locate hosts via the propulsion of heterokont flagellae. Cell penetration by encysting zoospores is via a distinctive projectile-like extrusome. Intracellular growth forms are multinucleate, unwalled protoplasts termed plasmodia. A synapomorphy for the class is cruciform mitotic division at metaphase. Plasmodiophorids occupy a phylogenetically distinct position from most other plant parasites. They cause several economically important diseases such as clubroot of Brassicaceae and powdery scab of potatoes. Plasmodiophorids also act as vectors of damaging plant viruses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch Mail Centre, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Simon Bulman

  2. Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Sigrid Neuhauser

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  1. Simon Bulman
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  2. Sigrid Neuhauser
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Correspondence to Simon Bulman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    John M. Archibald

  2. Department of Biology Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Alastair G.B. Simpson

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Mole, Dalhousie University Department of Biochemistry and Mole, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Claudio H. Slamovits

  4. Ashland, Oregon, USA

    Lynn Margulis

  5. Biozentrum Köln, Universität zu Köln Biozentrum Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Michael Melkonian

  6. Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, University of California Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, Santa Barbara, California, USA

    David J. Chapman

  7. Libertyville, Illinois, USA

    John O. Corliss

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Bulman, S., Neuhauser, S. (2016). Phytomyxea. In: Archibald, J., et al. Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_24-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_24-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32669-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32669-6

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