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Symbiotic Associations Between Ciliates and Prokaryotes

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The Prokaryotes

Introduction

Ciliates are frequently colonized by bacteria. This is partly due to the cytology and biology of these highly evolved heterotrophic protozoa (Hausmann and Bradbury, 1996). As phagotrophic predators on microorganisms, they bear a high risk of microbial, namely bacterial, infections: ingested bacteria may resist digestion, escape from the phagosomes, and persist in the cells as endocytobionts. Traditionally, intracellular bacteria in ciliates have been termed “symbionts” (Preer et al., 1974). Phagocytosis appears to be the usual way infectious bacteria enter their host cells. In addition to intracellular bacteria, ectosymbionts may be intimately associated with ciliates. The most intriguing example is certainly the epixenosomes of Euplotidium, which even defend their host against predators (Petroni et al., 2000; see also “Terms in Symbiosis Research”).

The bacterial symbionts of ciliates comprise a variety of bacteria in many unrelated genera of different subgroups of...

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Authors
  1. Hans-Dieter Görtz
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Box 196, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA

    Martin Dworkin Professor Dr. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, D039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA

    Stanley Falkow

  3. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  4. Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Schleifer

  5. DSMZ- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

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© 2006 Springer-Verlag

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Görtz, HD. (2006). Symbiotic Associations Between Ciliates and Prokaryotes. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30741-9_15

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