Abstract
Prolonged mechanical loading of soft tissues may result in degeneration of these tissues, resulting in formation of pressure ulcers. The risk assessment of individuals might be improved by including measurements of the tissue response to mechanical loading. Cytokines, which are released by the top layer of the skin upon chemical irritation, might be used to determine the epidermal response to mechanical loading.
This chapter describes methods to measure the release of cytokines IL-1α, IL-1RA, and IL-8 from tissue-engineered epidermal equivalents in response to sustained mechanical loading. A custom-built loading device was used to apply load to the epidermal equivalents and the cytokines were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Schoonhoven, L., Haalboom, J.R., Bousema, M.T., Algra, A., Grobbee, D.E., Grypdonck, M.H., Buskens, E. (2002) Prospective cohort study of routine use of risk assessment scales for prediction of pressure ulcers. Br Med J 325, 797–801.
Spiekstra, S.W., Toebak, M.J., Sampat-Sardjoepersad, S., van Beek, P.J., Boorsma, D.M., Stoof, T.J., von Blomberg, B.M.E., Scheper, R.J., Bruynzeel, D.P., Rustmeyer, T., Gibbs S. (2005) Induction of cytokine (interleukin-1α and tumor necrosis factor α) and chemokine (CCL20, CCL27, and CXCL8) alarm signals after allergen and irritant exposure. Exp Dermatol 14, 109–16.
Lee, R.T., Briggs, W.H., Cheng, G.C., Rossiter, H.B., Libby, P., Kupper, T. (1997) Mechanical deformation promotes the secretion of IL-1α and IL-1 receptor antagonist. J Immunol 159, 5084–8.
Takei, T., Kito, H., Du, W., Mills, I., Sumpio, B.E. (1998) Induction of interleukin (IL)-1α and β gene expression in human keratinocytes exposed to repetitive strain: their role in strain-induced keratinocyte proliferation and morphological change. J Cell Biochem 69, 95–103.
Bronneberg, D. (2007) Biochemical markers for early detection of superficial pressure ulcers. PhD Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology.
Bronneberg, D., Bouten, C.V.C., Oomens, C.W.J., van Kemenade, P.M., Baaijens, F.P.T. (2006) An in vitro model system to study the damaging effects of prolonged mechanical loading of the epidermis. Ann Biomed Eng 34, 506–14.
Bronneberg, D., Spiekstra, S.W., Cornelissen, L.H., Oomens, C.W.J., Gibbs, S., Baaijens, F.P.T., Bouten, C.V.C. (2007) Cytokine and chemokine release upon prolonged mechanical loading of the epidermis. Exp Dermatol 16, 567–73.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Cornelissen, L.H., Bronneberg, D., Gibbs, S., Bouten, C.V., Oomens, C.W. (2010). Cytokine Release in Tissue-Engineered Epidermal Equivalents After Prolonged Mechanical Loading. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Epidermal Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 585. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-380-0_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-380-0_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-379-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-380-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols