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Evaluation of Vascularity, Blood Perfusion, and Oxygen Tension in Tumor Xenografts with Fluorescent Microscopy

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Glioblastoma

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1741))

Abstract

Histologic heterogeneity in glioblastoma (GBM) is highlighted by regional variability in vascular density. Areas of vascular hyperplasia are interspersed with avascular territories, in which necrosis is surrounded by a zone of hypoxic tumor cells expressing stem cell markers, a phenomenon known as pseudopalisading necrosis. This vascular heterogeneity suggests intratumoral oxygen gradients, which regulate cellular and metabolic adaptations in tumor cells. Quantification of tumor vascularity, blood perfusion and oxygenation is therefore critical. In this chapter, we describe three different methods, all of which involve microscopy to analyze these parameters in tumor xenografts. We present detailed protocols for analysis of tumor endothelium using endothelial markers, blood perfusion by systemic infusion of Evans Blue and oxygen tension by pimonidazole injection, followed by immunostaining.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    N. Sumru Bayin PhD & Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD

  2. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    N. Sumru Bayin PhD & Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD

  3. Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA

    N. Sumru Bayin PhD

  4. Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD

  5. Brain Tumor Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD

  6. Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD

Authors
  1. N. Sumru Bayin PhD
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  2. Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dimitris G. Placantonakis MD PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Dimitris G. Placantonakis

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Bayin, N.S., Placantonakis, D.G. (2018). Evaluation of Vascularity, Blood Perfusion, and Oxygen Tension in Tumor Xenografts with Fluorescent Microscopy. In: Placantonakis, D. (eds) Glioblastoma. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1741. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7659-1_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7659-1_16

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7658-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7659-1

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