Abstract
Several neurotransmitter systems play a pivotal role in the process of memory formation. The role of these systems in the process of retention loss or “forgetting,” especially that of reuptake transporters for γ-aminobutyric acid (GAT1), glutamate (EAAT1), dopamine (DAT), and serotonin (SERT), is poorly understood. In this paper, Western blot analysis was used to evaluate expression of GAT1, EAAT1, DAT, and SERT in rats under conditions allowing to study memory, amnesia, forgetting processes. Trained and untrained rats were pharmacologically treated with substances modifying serotonergic neurotransmission. Data show that, on one hand, forgetting can be considered as a behavioral process that is difficult to modify but, on the other hand, to prevent forgetting processes might be achieved by interfering with the expression pattern or functional activity of different specific neurotransmitter transporters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wylie G, Foxe J, Taylor T (2008) Forgetting as an active process: an fMRI investigation of item-method-directed forgetting. Cereb Cortex 18:670–682
Ludowiq E, Möller J, Bien C, Münte T, Elger C, Rosburg T (2010) Active suppression in the mediotemporal lobe during directed forgetting. Neurobiol Learning Mem 93:352–361
Meneses A (2013) 5-HT systems: emergent targets for memory formation and memory alterations. Rev Neurosci 24:629–664
McGaugh JL (2013) Making lasting memories: remembering the significant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:10402–10407
Mansuy IM (2005) Forgetting: theories and potential mechanisms. Med Sci 21:83–88
Wixted JT (2004) The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting. Annu Rev Psychol 55:235–269
Callaghan BL, Li S, Richardson R (2014) The elusive engram: what can infantile amnesia tell us about memory? Trends Neurosci 37:47–53
Davis R (2010) Rac in the act of forgetting. Cell 140:456–458
Hupbach A (2013) When forgetting preserves memory. Front Psychol 4:32
Kaku M, Yamada K, Ichitani Y (2013) Can rats control previously acquired spatial information? Evidence of “directed forgetting” phenomenon in delay-interposed radial maze behavior. Behav Brain Res 248:1–6
Li S, Richardson R (2013) Traces of memory: reacquisition of fear following forgetting is NMDAr-independent. Learn Mem 20:174–182
Neath I, Surprenant A (2003) Human memory, 2nd edn. Thompson/Wadsworth, Belmont, CA
Thorndike E (1913) The psychology of learning. Columbia University Press, New York, NY
McGeoch J (1932) Forgetting and the law of disuse. Psy Rev 39:352–370
Fioravanti M, Di Cesare F (1992) Forgetting curves in long-term memory: evidence for a multistage model of retention. Brain Cogn 18:116–124
Klatzky R (1975) Human memory: structures and processes. Freeman, San Francisco
Berry JA, Cervantes-Sandoval I, Nicholas EP, Davis RL (2012) Dopamine is required for learning and forgetting in Drosophila. Neuron 74:530–542
Hardt O, Nader K, Nadel L (2013) Decay happens: the role of active forgetting in memory. Trends Cogn Sci 17:111–120
Papenberg G, Bäckman L, Nagel IE, Nietfeld W, Schröder J, Bertram L, Heekeren HR, Lindenberger U, Li SC (2013) Dopaminergic gene polymorphisms affect long-term forgetting in old age: further support for the magnification hypothesis. J Cogn Neurosci 25:571–579
Wagner A, Davachi L (2001) Cognitive neuroscience: forgetting of things past. Curr Biol 11:R964–R967
Zhang S, Yin Y, Lu H, Guo A (2008) Increased dopaminergic signaling impairs aversive olfactory memory retention in Drosophila. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 370:82–86
Kandel ER (2001) The molecular biology of memory storage: a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science 294:1030–1038
Margulies C, Tully T, Dubnau J (2005) Deconstructing memory in Drosophila. Curr Biol 15:R700–R713
Shuai Y, Lu B, Hu Y, Wang L, Sun K, Zhong Y (2010) Forgetting is regulated through Rac activity in Drosophila. Cell 140:579–589
Ersche KD, Roiser JP, Lucas M, Domenici E, Robbins TW, Bullmore ET (2011) Peripheral biomarkers of cognitive response to dopamine receptor agonist treatment. Psychopharmacology 214:779–789
Pérez-García G, Meneses A (2008) Ex-vivo study of 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor agonists and antagonists on cAMP accumulation during memory formation and amnesia. Behav Brain Res 195:139–146
Pérez-García G, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Meneses A (2006) An mRNA expression analysis of stimulation and blockade of 5-HT7 receptors during memory consolidation. Behav Brain Res 169:83–92
Tellez R, Rocha L, Castillo C, Meneses A (2010) Autoradiographic study of serotonin transporter during memory formation. Behav Brain Res 12:12–26
Wellman CL, Izquierdo A, Garrett JE, Martin KP, Carroll J, Millstein R, Lesch KP, Murphy DL, Holmes A (2007) Impaired stress-coping and fear extinction and abnormal corticolimbic morphology in serotonin transporter knock-out mice. J Neurosci 27:684–691
Tellez R, Gómez-Víquez L, Meneses A (2012) GABA, glutamate, dopamine and serotonin transporters expression on memory formation and amnesia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 97:189–201
Tellez R, Gómez-Viquez L, Liy-Salmeron G, Meneses A (2012) GABA, glutamate, dopamine and serotonin transporters expression on forgetting. Neurobiol Learn Mem 98:66–77
Gonzalez R, Chávez-Pascacio K, Meneses A (2013) Role of 5-HT5A receptors in the consolidation of memory. Behav Brain Res 252:246–251
Markou A, Salamone JD, Bussey TJ, Mar AC, Brunner D, Gilmour G, Balsam P (2013) Measuring reinforcement learning and motivation constructs in experimental animals: relevance to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:2149–2165
Meneses A, Pérez-García G, Ponce-Lopez T, Castillo C (2011) 5-HT6 receptor memory and amnesia: behavioral pharmacology-learning and memory processes. Int Rev Neurobiol 96:27–47
Meneses A (2014) Neurotransmitters and memory: cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, signaling, and memory. In: Meneses A (ed) Identification of neural markers accompanying memory. Elsevier, San Diego, USA, pp 5–45
Meneses A, Perez-Garcia G (2007) 5-HT1A receptors and memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31:705–727
Meneses A, Perez-Garcia G, Ponce-Lopez T, Tellez R, Castillo C (2011) Serotonin transporter and memory. Neuropharmacology 61:355–363
Da Silva C-AV, Quiedeville A, Boulouard M, Dauphin F (2012) 5-HT6 receptor blockade differentially affects scopolamine-induced deficits of working memory, recognition memory and aversive learning in mice. Psychopharmacology 222:99–115
Freret T, Paizanis E, Beaudet G, Gusmao-Montaigne A, Nee G, Dauphin F, Bouet V, Boulouard M (2014) Modulation of 5-HT7 receptor: effect on object recognition performances in mice. Psychopharmacology 231:393–400
Haahr ME, Fisher P, Holst K, Madsen K, Jensen CG, Marner L, Lehel S, Baaré W, Knudsen G, Hasselbalch S (2013) The 5-HT4 receptor levels in hippocampus correlates inversely with memory test performance in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3066–3374
Marcos B, García-Alloza M, Gil-Bea FJ, Chuang TT, Francis PT, Chen CP, Tsang SW, Lai MK, Ramirez MJ (2008) Involvement of an altered 5-HT6 receptor function in behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 14:43–50
Reichel CM, Ramsey LA, Schwendt M, McGinty JF, See RE (2012) Methamphetamine-induced changes in the object recognition memory circuit. Neuropharmacology 62:1119–1126
Seyedabadi M, Fakhfouri G, Ramezani V, Mehr SE, Rahimian R (2014) The role of serotonin in memory: interactions with neurotransmitters and downstream signaling. Exp Brain Res 232:723–738
Woods S, Clarke N, Layfield R, Fone K (2012) 5-HT6 receptor agonists and antagonists enhance learning and memory in a conditioned emotion response paradigm by modulation of cholinergic and glutamatergic mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 167:436–449
Huerta-Rivas A, Pérez-García G, González-Espinosa C, Meneses A (2010) Time-course of 5-HT6 receptor mRNA expression during memory consolidation and amnesia. Neurobiol Learn Mem 93:99–110
Perez-Garcia G, Meneses A (2009) Memory time-course: mRNA 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors. Behav Brain Res 202:102–113
Meneses A (2007) Stimulation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A/2C, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors or 5-HT uptake inhibition: short- and long-term memory. Behav Brain Res 184:81–90
Sambrook J, Russell DW (2001) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, NY
Duewer D, Currie L, Reeder D, Leigh S, Liu H, Mudd L (1995) Interlaboratory comparison of autoradiographic DNA profiling measurements. 2. Measurement uncertainty and its propagation. Anal Chem 67:1220–1231
Patton W (1995) Biologist’s perspective on analytical imaging systems as applied to protein gel electrophoresis. J Chromatogr 698:55–87
Carmona M, Muraib K, Wanga L, Roberts A, Pasquale E (2009) Glial ephrin-A3 regulates hippocampal dendritic spine morphology and glutamate transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:12524–12529
Hu J, Quick M (2008) Substrate-mediated regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 in rat brain. Neuropharmacology 54:309–318
Sidiropoulou K, Chao S, Lu W, Wolf M (2001) Amphetamine administration does not alter protein levels of the GLT-1 and EAAC1 glutamate transporter subtypes in rat midbrain, nucleus accumbens, striatum, or prefrontal cortex. Mol Brain Res 90:187–192
Arnsten A, van Dyck C (1997) Monoamines and acetylcholine influences on higher cognitive functions in nonhuman primates: relevance of the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In: Brioni J, Decker M (eds) Neuropathology and functional anatomy of Alzheimer’s disease: pharmacological treatment of AD. Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, pp 63–86
Azmitia E, Whitaker-Azmitia P (1997) Development and adult plasticity of serotoninergic neurons and their target cells. In: Baumgarten H, Góther M (eds) Serotoninergic neurons and 5-HT receptors in the CNS. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–39
Solodkin A, van Hoesen G (1997) Neuropathology and functional anatomy of Alzheimer’s disease. In: Brioni J, Decker M (eds) Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Wiley-Liss, New York, NY, pp 151–177
Sunderland T, Tariot PN, Weingartner H, Murphy DL, Newhouse PA, Mueller EA, Cohen RM (1986) Pharmacologic modelling of Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 10:599–610
Detke MJ, Lucki I (1996) Detection of serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants in the rat forced swimming test: the effects of water depth. Behav Brain Res 73:43–46
Shoblock JR, Sullivan EB, Maisonneuve IM, Glick SD (2003) Neurochemical and behavioral differences between d-methamphetamine and d-amphetamine in rats. Psychopharmacology 165:359–369
Atnip GW (1977) Stimulus- and response-reinforcer contingencies in autoshaping, operant, classical, and omission training procedures in rats. J Exp Anal Behav 28:59–69
Meneses A, Perez-Garcia G, Liy-Salmeron G, Ponce-López T, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M. 5-HT7 receptor activation: procognitive and antiamnesic effects.
Tomie A, Di Poce J, Aguado A, Janes A, Benjamin D, Pohorecky L. Effects of autoshaping procedures on 3H-8-OH-DPAT-labeled 5-HT1a binding and 125I-LSD-labeled 5-HT2a binding in rat brain. Brain Res. 2003 Jun 13;975(1-2):167-78. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Jul 31. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 25074446
Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by CONACYT grant 80060. R. T. was supported by CONACYT scholarship (No.219677).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Meneses, A., Tellez, R. (2015). Autoshaping Memory Formation and Retention Loss: Are Serotonin and Other Neurotransmitter Transporters Involved?. In: Blenau, W., Baumann, A. (eds) Serotonin Receptor Technologies. Neuromethods, vol 95. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2187-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2187-4_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2186-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2187-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols