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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Position in Epidemiology, Genomics, and Classification

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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2534))

Abstract

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid malignancy both in adults and pediatric population. Since the 1980s, there are changes in criteria in labelling thyroid lesions as “papillary thyroid carcinomas.” Radiation exposure is a well-established risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Other environmental risk factors include dietary iodine, obesity, hormones, and environmental pollutants. Papillary thyroid carcinomas could occur in familial settings, and 5% of these familial cases have well-studied driver germline mutations. In sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma, BRAF mutation is common and is associated with clinicopathologic and prognostic markers. The mutation could aid in the clinical diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Globally, thyroid cancer is among the top ten commonest cancer in females. In both adult and pediatric populations, there are variations of prevalence of thyroid cancer and rising incidence rates of thyroid cancer worldwide. The increase of thyroid cancer incidence was almost entirely due to the increase of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The reasons behind the increase are complex, multifactorial, and incompletely understood. The most obvious reasons are increased use of diagnostic entities, change in classification of thyroid neoplasms, as well as factors such as obesity, environmental risk factors, and radiation. The prognosis of the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma is generally good after treatment. Nevertheless, cancer recurrence and comorbidity of second primary cancer may occur, and it is important to have awareness of the clinical, pathological, and molecular parameters of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

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  1. Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

    Alfred K. Lam

  2. Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia

    Alfred K. Lam

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia

    Alfred K. Lam

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    Alfred K. Lam

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Lam, A.K. (2022). Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Position in Epidemiology, Genomics, and Classification. In: Lam, A.K. (eds) Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2534. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2505-7_1

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