Skip to main content

Processing and Analysis of Ascites

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Ovarian Cancer

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2424))

  • 1485 Accesses

Abstract

The accumulation of peritoneal fluid, referred to as ascites, is common in ovarian cancer. This fluid is a complex mixture that may include cells as well as a diverse array of cytokines and growth factors. Here we describe a comprehensive method to process ascites to maximize data collection. The cellular fraction and fluid are first separated by centrifugation. The fluid can be frozen for later analysis of soluble factors or for use in in vitro experiments. The cellular fraction can be processed to analyze its composition or stored for future use.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ahmed N, Stenvers KL (2013) Getting to know ovarian cancer ascites: opportunities for targeted therapy-based translational research. Front Oncol 3:256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00256

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Szender JB, Emmons T, Belliotti S, Dickson D, Khan A, Morrell K, Khan A, Singel KL, Mayor PC, Moysich KB, Odunsi K, Segal BH, Eng KH (2017) Impact of ascites volume on clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer: a cohort study. Gynecol Oncol 146(3):491–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.06.008

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kim S, Gwak H, Kim HS, Kim B, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS (2016) Malignant ascites enhances migratory and invasive properties of ovarian cancer cells with membrane bound IL-6R in vitro. Oncotarget 7(50):83148–83159. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13074

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Carroll MJ, Fogg KC, Patel HA, Krause HB, Mancha AS, Patankar MS, Weisman PS, Barroilhet L, Kreeger PK (2018) Alternatively-activated macrophages upregulate mesothelial expression of P-selectin to enhance adhesion of ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res 78(13):3560–3573. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3341

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Soritau O, Tomuleasa CI, Pall E, Virag P, Fischer-Fodor E, Foris V, Barbos O, Tatomir C, Kacso G, Irimie A (2010) Enhanced chemoresistance and tumor sphere formation as a laboratory model for peritoneal micrometastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Romanian J Morphol Embryol 51(2):259–264

    Google Scholar 

  6. Frankel A, Buckman R, Kerbel RS (1997) Abrogation of taxol-induced G2-M arrest and apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells grown as multicellular tumor spheroids. Cancer Res 57(12):2388–2393

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Al Habyan S, Kalos C, Szymborski J, McCaffrey L (2018) Multicellular detachment generates metastatic spheroids during intra-abdominal dissemination in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncogene 37(37):5127–5135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0317-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Raghavan S, Ward MR, Rowley KR, Wold RM, Takayama S, Buckanovich RJ, Mehta G (2015) Formation of stable small cell number three-dimensional ovarian cancer spheroids using hanging drop arrays for preclinical drug sensitivity assays. Gynecol Oncol 138(1):181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.04.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Gencoglu MF, Barney LE, Hall CL, Brooks EA, Schwartz AD, Corbett DC, Stevens KR, Peyton SR (2018) Comparative study of multicellular tumor spheroid formation methods and implications for drug screening. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 4(2):410–420. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00069

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Latifi A, Luwor RB, Bilandzic M, Nazaretian S, Stenvers K, Pyman J, Zhu H, Thompson EW, Quinn MA, Findlay JK, Ahmed N (2012) Isolation and characterization of tumor cells from the ascites of ovarian cancer patients: molecular phenotype of chemoresistant ovarian tumors. PLoS One 7(10):e46858. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046858

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Collard JG, van Beek WP, Janssen JW, Schijven JF (1985) Transfection by human oncogenes: concomitant induction of tumorigenicity and tumor-associated membrane alterations. Int J Cancer 35(2):207–213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910350211

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Koh CM (2013) Preparation of cells for microscopy using ‘cell blocks’. Methods Enzymol 533:249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-420067-8.00018-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Matte I, Lane D, Laplante C, Rancourt C, Piche A (2012) Profiling of cytokines in human epithelial ovarian cancer ascites. Am J Cancer Res 2(5):566–580

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Plante M, Rubin SC, Wong GY, Federici MG, Finstad CL, Gastl GA (1994) Interleukin-6 level in serum and ascites as a prognostic factor in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 73(7):1882–1888. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19940401)73:7<1882::aid-cncr2820730718>3.0.co;2-r

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Huang S, Robinson JB, Deguzman A, Bucana CD, Fidler IJ (2000) Blockade of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling inhibits angiogenesis and tumorigenicity of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin 8. Cancer Res 60(19):5334–5339

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pamela K. Kreeger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Micek, H.M., Carroll, M.J., Barroilhet, L., Kreeger, P.K. (2022). Processing and Analysis of Ascites. In: Kreeger, P.K. (eds) Ovarian Cancer. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2424. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1956-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1956-8_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1955-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1956-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics