Abstract
Simple precipitation of enzymes has shown impressive catalytic efficiencies in organic solvents. In asmuch as these can be recovered after the reaction, these can be viewed as immobilized preparations just like more extensively used cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This chapter describes three protocols which use these enzyme precipitated and rinsed with propanol/some other appropriate organic solvent. The first two protocols show their applications in ionic liquids for a transesterification reaction and a kinetic resolution. The third protocol presumably incorporates an “imprinting” effect so that the precipitates are now able to efficiently catalyze transesterification of tributyrin with tertiary alcohols.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mattiasson B, Adlercreutz P (1991) Tailoring the microenvironment of enzymes in water poor systems. Trends Biotechnol 9:394–398
Gupta MN (1992) Enzyme function in organic solvents. Eur J Biochem 203:25–32
Halling PJ (2000) Biocatalysis in low-water media: understanding effects of reaction conditions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 4:74–80
Carrea G, Riva S (2000) Properties and synthetic applications of enzymes in organic solvent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 36:2226–2254
Grunwald P (2009) Biocatalysis: biochemical fundamentals and applications. Imperial College Press, London
Lee M-Y, Dordick JS (2002) Enzyme activation for nonaqueous media. Curr Opin Biotechnol 13:376–384
Gupta MN, Roy I (2004) Enzymes in organic media: forms, functions and applications. Eur J Biochem 271:1–9
Govardhan CP (1999) Crosslinking of enzymes for improved stability and performance. Curr Opin Biotechnol 10:331–335
Sheldon RA (2007) Enzyme immobilization: the quest for optimum performance. Adv Synth Catal 349:1289–1307
Partridge J, Halling PJ, Moore BD (1998) Practical route to high activity enzyme preparations for synthesis in organic media. Chem Commun 841–842
Roy I, Sharma A, Gupta MN (2004) Obtaining high transesterification rates with Subtilisin Carlsberg in non-aqueous media. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14:887–889
Shah S, Gupta MN (2007) Obtaining high transesterification activity for subtilisin in ionic liquids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1770:94–98
Kreiner M, Moore BD, Parker MC (2001) Enzyme-coated microcrystals: a 1-step method for high activity biocatalyst preparation. Chem Commun 1096–1097
Shah S, Sharma A, Gupta MN (2008) Cross-linked protein-coated micro-crystals as biocatalysts in non aqueous solvents. Biocatal Biotransfor 26:266–271
Kapoor M, Gupta MN (2012) Obtaining monoglycerides by esterification of glycerol with palmitic acid using some high activity preparations of Candida antarctica lipase B. Process Biochem 47:503–508
Roy I, Gupta MN (2004) Freeze-drying of proteins: some emerging concerns. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 39:165–177
Roy I, Gupta MN (2004) Preparation of highly active alpha chymotrypsin for catalysis in organic media. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 14:2191–2193
Majumder AB, Gupta MN (2011) Increasing catalytic efficiency of Candida rugosa lipase for the synthesis of tert-alkyl butyrates in low-water. Biocatal Biotransfor 29:238–245
Schoevaart R, Wolbers MW, Golubovic M, Ottens M, Kieboom APG, van Rantwijk F, van der Wielen LAM, Sheldon RA (2004) Preparation, optimization and structures of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Biotechnol Bioeng 87:754–762
Irimescu R, Kato K (2004) Investigation of ionic liquids as reaction media for enzymatic enantioselective acylation of amines. J Mol Catal B Enzym 30:189–194
Moniruzzaman M, Nakashima K, Kamiya N, Goto M (2010) Recent advances of enzymatic reactions in ionic liquids. Biochem Eng J 15:295–314
Patel RN (ed) (2000) Stereoselective biocatalysis. Marcel Dekker, New York
Gotor V, Alfonso I, Garcia-Urdiales E (2008) Asymmetric organic synthesis with enzymes. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany
O’Hagan D, Zaidi NA (1994) The resolution of tertiary α-acetylene-acetate esters by the lipase from Candida cylindracea. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 5:1111–1118
Bosley JA, Casey J, Macrae AR, Mycock G (1997) Process for the esterification of carboxylic acids with tertiary alcohols using a lipase from Candida antarctica. US patent 5658769, 5, 658–769
Stähl M, Mänsson M-O, Mosbach K (1990) The synthesis of a D-amino acid ester in an organic media with alpha-chymotrypsin modified by a bio-imprinting procedure. Biotechnol Lett 13:161–166
Shah S, Gupta MN (2007) Lipase catalysed preparation of biodiesel from Jatropha oil in a solvent free system. Process Biochem 42:409–414
Solanki K, Gupta MN, Halling PJ (2012) Examining structure–activity correlations of some high activity enzyme preparations for low water media. Bioresour Technol 115:147–151
Zaks A, Klibanov AM (1994) Enzyme catalysis in organic media at 100 °C. Science 224:1249–1251
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Shweta Shah and Dr. Abir B. Majumder for the work described in this chapter. Financial support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB) [Grant No.: SR/SO/BB-68/2010], the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) [Grant No: BT/PR14103/BRB/10/808/2010], and Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), all Government of India organizations, is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Roy, I., Mukherjee, J., Gupta, M.N. (2013). High Activity Preparations of Lipases and Proteases for Catalysis in Low Water Containing Organic Solvents and Ionic Liquids. In: Guisan, J. (eds) Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1051. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-550-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-550-7_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-549-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-550-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols