Abstract
In this article, Hadamard-type inequalities for product of s-convex in the second sense on the co-ordinates in a rectangle from the plane are established.
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1. Introduction
A function f : I → ℝ, I ⊆ ℝ is an interval, is said to be a convex function on I if
holds for all x, y ∈ I and t ∈ [0, 1]. If the reversed inequality in (1.1) holds, then f is concave. Let f : I ⊆ ℝ → ℝ be a convex function and a, b ∈ I with a < b. Then the following double inequality:
is known as Hermite-Hadamard inequality for convex mappings. For particular choice of the function f in (1.2) yields some classical inequalities of means. Both inequalities in (1.2) hold in reversed direction if f is concave.
Some basic definitions can be given as followings:
Definition 1. (See [1], [2, p. 410]) We say that f : I → ℝ is a Godunova-Levin function or that f belongs to the class Q(I) if f is non-negative and for all x, y ∈ I and t ∈ (0, 1) we have
Definition 2. (See [3]) We say that f : I ⊆ ℝ → ℝ is a P-function or that f belongs to the class P (I) if f is non-negative and for all x, y ∈ I and t ∈ [0, 1], we have
Definition 3. (See [4]) Let s ∈ (0, 1]. A function f : [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) is said to be s-convex in the second sense if
for all x, y ∈ (0, b) and t ∈ [0, 1].
In [5], Hudzik and Maligranda considered among others the class of functions which are s-convex in the first sense. This class is defined in the following way:
Definition 4. A function f : ℝ+ → ℝ, where ℝ+ = [0, ∞), is said to be s-convex in the first sense if
for all x, y ∈ [0, ∞), α, β ≥ 0 with αs + βs = 1 and for some fixed s ∈ (0, 1]. We denote by the class of all s-convex functions.
In 1978, Breckner introduced s-convex functions as a generalization of convex functions in [4]. Also, he proved the important fact that the set valued map is s-convex only if the associated support function is s-convex function [6]. Of course, s-convexity means just convexity when s = 1. The definition of s-convexity of real valued functions are very important for Orlicz spaces and Banach normed spaces (see [7–9]). A number of properties of s-convex functions are discussed in articles [5, 10–13].
In article [14] the following generalization of the previously described functions was given.
Definition 5. (See [14, 15]) Let I, J be intervals ℝ, (0, 1) ⊆ J and let h : J → ℝ. A function f : I → ℝ is called an h-convex function, or that f belongs to the class SX(h, I), if for all x, y ∈ I and t ∈ (0, 1) we have
If inequality in (1.3) is reversed, then f is said to be h-concave.
Obviously, if h(t) = t, for all t ∈ [0, 1] ⊆ J, then all convex functions belong to SX (h, I) and all concave functions are h-concave; if , for all t ∈ (0, 1), then SX(h, I) = Q(I); if h(t) = 1, SX(h, I) ⊇ P(I); and if h(t) = ts, where s ∈ (0, 1), then . For some recent results about h-convex functions we refer the reader to articles [15–18].
In [10], Dragomir and Fitzpatrick proved the following variant of Hermite-Hadamard inequality which hold for s-convex functions in the second sense:
Theorem 1. Suppose that f : [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) is an s-convex function in the second sense, where s ∈ (0, 1) and let a, b ∈ [0, ∞), a < b. If f ∈ L1([a, b]), then the following inequalities hold:
The constant is the best possible in the second inequality in (1.4).
Again in [10], Dragomir and Fitzpatrick also proved the following Hadamard-type inequality for s-convex functions in the first sense:
Theorem 2. Suppose that f : [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) is an s-convex function in the first sense, where s ∈ (0, 1) and let a, b ∈ [0, ∞). If f ∈ L1([a, b]) then the following inequalities hold:
The above inequalities are sharp.
A modification for convex functions which is also known as co-ordinated convex functions was introduced as following by Dragomir [19]:
Let us consider a bidimensional interval Δ =: [a, b] × [c, d] in ℝ2 with a < b and c < d. A mapping f : Δ → ℝ is said to be convex on Δ if the following inequality:
holds, for all (x, y), (z, w) ∈ Δ and α ∈ [0, 1].
A function f : Δ → ℝ is said to be convex on the co-ordinates on Δ if the partial mappings f y : [a, b] → ℝ, f y (u) = f(u, y) and f x : [c, d] → ℝ, f x (v) = f(x, v) are convex where defined for all x ∈ [a, b], y ∈ [c, d].
In the same article, Dragomir established the following Hadamard-type inequalities for convex functions on the co-ordinates in a rectangle from the plane ℝ2:
Theorem 3. Suppose f : Δ = [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ [0, ∞) → ℝ is convex function on the co-ordinates on Δ. Then one has the inequalities:
The concept of s-convex functions on the co-ordinates in both sense was introduced by Alomari and Darus [20, 21]:
Definition 6. Consider the bidimensional interval Δ =: [a, b] × [c, d] in [0, ∞)2 with a < b and c < d. The mapping f : Δ → ℝ is s-convex in the first sense (in the second sense) on Δ if
holds for all (x, y), (z, w) ∈ Δ, α, β ≥ 0 with αs + βs = 1 (α + β = 1) and for some fixed s ∈ (0, 1]. We write which means that f is s-convex in the first sense when i = 1, (in the second sense when i = 2).
A function f : Δ =: [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ [0, ∞)2 → ℝ is called s-convex in first sense (in the second sense) on the co-ordinates on Δ if the partial mappings f y : [a, b] → ℝ, f y (u) = f(u, y) and f x : [c, d] → ℝ, f x (v) = f (x, v), are s-convex in the first sense (in the second sense) for all y ∈ [c, d], x ∈ [a, b], and s ∈ (0, 1], i.e, the partial mappings f y and f x are s-convex in the first sense (second sense) with some fixed s ∈ (0, 1].
In [20], Alomari and Darus proved the following inequalities for s-convex functions (in the second sense) on the co-ordinates in a rectangle from the plane ℝ2:
Theorem 4. Suppose f : Δ = [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ [0, ∞) → ℝ is s-convex function (in the second sense) on the co-ordinates on Δ. Then one has the inequalities:
Also in [21] (see also [22]), Alomari and Darus established the following inequalities for s-convex functions (in the first sense) on the co-ordinates in a rectangle from the plane ℝ2:
Theorem 5. Suppose f : Δ = [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ [0, ∞) → ℝ is s-convex function (in the first sense) on the co-ordinates on Δ. Then one has the inequalities:
The above inequalities are sharp.
In [23], Sarikaya et al. proved some Hadamard-type inequalities for co-ordinated convex functions as followings:
Theorem 6. Let f : Δ ⊂ ℝ2 → ℝ be a partial differentiable mapping on Δ := [a, b] × [c, d] in ℝ2 with a < b and c < d. If is a convex function on the co-ordinates on Δ, then one has the inequalities:
where
Theorem 7. Let f : Δ ⊂ ℝ2 → ℝ be a partial differentiable mapping on Δ := [a, b] × [c, d] in ℝ2 with a < b and c < d. If , q > 1, is a convex function on the co-ordinates on Δ, then one has the inequalities:
where
and
Theorem 8. Let f : Δ ⊂ ℝ2 → ℝ be a partial differentiable mapping on Δ := [a, b] × [c, d] in ℝ2 with a < b and c < d. If , q ≥ 1, is a convex function on the co-ordinates on Δ, then one has the inequalities:
where
For refinements, counterparts, generalizations and new Hadamard-type inequalities see the articles [3, 5, 10–13, 19–28]. In [25] (see also [22]), Alomari and Darus introduced new classes of s-convex functions on the co-ordinates as following:
Definition 7. Consider the bidimensional interval Δ =: [a, b] × [c, d] in [0, ∞)2 with a < b and c < d. The mapping f : Δ → ℝ is s-convex in the first sense on Δ if there exist s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1] such that ,
holds for all (x, y), (z, w) ∈ Δ with α, β ≥ 0 with and for some fixed s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1]. We denote this class of functions by .
Definition 8. Consider the bidimensional interval Δ =: [a, b] × [c, d] in [0, ∞)2 with a < b and c < d. The mapping f : Δ → ℝ is s-convex in the second sense on Δ if there exist s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1] such that ,
holds for all (x, y), (z, w) ∈ Δ with α, β ≥ 0 with α + β = 1 and for all fixed s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1]. We denote this class of functions by .
In [26], Pachpatte established some inequalities for product of convex functions as follows:
Theorem 9. Let f, g : [a, b] ⊆ ℝ → [0, ∞) be convex functions on [a, b], a < b.
Then
and
where M(a, b) = f(a)g(a) + f(b)g(b) and N(a, b) = f(a)g(b) + f(b)g(a).
Similar results for s-convex functions is due to Kirmaci et al. [13] as follows:
Theorem 10. Let f, g : [a, b] ⊆ ℝ → ℝ a, b ∈ [0, ∞), a < b, be functions such that g and fg are in L1([a, b]). If f is convex and non-negative on [a, b] and if g is s-convex on [a, b], for some s ∈ (0, 1), then
where M(a, b) = f(a)g(a) + f(b)g(b) and N(a, b) = f(a)g(b) + f(b)g(a).
Theorem 11. Let f, g : [a, b] ⊆ ℝ → ℝ a, b ∈ [0, ∞), a < b, be functions such that g and fg are in L1([a, b]). If f is convex and non-negative on [a, b] and if g is s-convex on [a, b] for some s ∈ (0, 1), then
where M(a, b) = f(a)g(a) + f(b)g(b) and N(a, b) = f(a)g(b) + f(b)g(a).
Theorem 12. Let f, g : [a, b] ⊆ ℝ → ℝ a, b ∈ [0, ∞), a < b, be functions such that f, g and fg are in L1([a, b]). If f is s1-convex and g is s2-convex on [a, b] for some fixed s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1), then
where M(a, b) = f(a)g(a) + f(b)g(b) and N(a, b) = f(a)g(b) + f(b)g(a).
In the last theorem Beta function of Euler type, defined by
has been used.
The main purpose of the present article is to establish new Hadamard-type inequalities similar to the above inequalities, but now for product of s-convex functions (in the second sense) on the co-ordinates in a rectangle from the plane ℝ2.
2. Main results
We will start with the following theorem.
Theorem 13. Let f, g : Δ = [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ [0, ∞)2 → ℝ, a < b, c < d, be functions such that f, g and fg are in L2(Δ). If f is non-negative and convex on the coordinates on Δ and if g is s-convex in the second sense on the co-ordinates on Δ, for all s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1), such that , then one has the inequality;
where
and
Proof. Since f is convex and g is s-convex in the second sense on the co-ordinates on Δ. Therefore the partial mappings
and
are convex and non-negative on [a, b] and [c, d], respectively. The partial mappings
and
are s1-, s2-convex on [a, b] and [c, d], respectively, for all x ∈ [a, b], y ∈ [c, d], for all s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1], such that . Now by applying f x (y)g x (y) to (1.12) on [c, d], we get
That is
Integrating over [a, b] with respect to x and dividing both sides by b - a, we have
Now by applying (1.12) to each integral on right-hand side of (2.2) again, we get
On substitution of these inequalities in (2.2), we obtain
Similarly, if we apply f y (x)g y (x) to (1.12) on [a, b], we get the following result:
Adding the inequalities (2.3), (2.4) and dividing by 2, we get (2.1). □
Theorem 14. Let f, g : Δ = [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ ℝ2 → ℝ, a < b, c < d, be functions such that f, g, and fg are in L2(Δ). If f is non-negative and convex on the co-ordinates on Δ and if g is s-convex on the co-ordinates on Δ, for all s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1), such that , then one has the inequality;
where L(a, b, c, d), M(a, b, c, d), N(a, b, c, d), p, q, r and t as in Theorem 13.
Proof. Applying to (1.11) and multiplying both sides by , we get
Similarly, by applying to (1.11) and multiplying both sides by , we get
Adding (2.6) and (2.7), we have
Applying (1.11) to each term within the brackets, we get
Substituting these inequalities in (2.8) and simplifying, we obtain
Now by applying to (1.11), integrating over [c, d] and dividing both sides by d - c, we get
Again by applying to (1.11), integrating over [a, b] and dividing both sides by b - a, we get
Adding (2.10) and (2.11), we have
Therefore from (2.9) and (2.12), we obtain
By applying (1.12) to each of the integral in (2.13) and simplifying, we get
Dividing both sides by 2, we get required result. □
Theorem 15. Let f, g : Δ = [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ ℝ2 → ℝ, a < b, c < d, be functions such that f, g, and fg are in L2(Δ). If f is s1-convex on the co-ordinates on Δ and g is s2-convex on the co-ordinates on Δ, for some fixed s11, s12, s21, s22 ∈ (0, 1), such that , then one has the following inequality;
where L(a, b, c, d), M(a, b, c, d), and N(a, b, c, d) as defined in Theorem 13 and , q1 = B(s12 + 1, s22 + 1),, t1 = B(s11 + 1, s21 + 1).
Proof. By a similar way to Theorem 13 with , q1 = B(s12+1, s22+1), , t1 = B(s11 + 1, s21 + 1) and thus (2.14) is established. □
Theorem 16. Let f, g : Δ = [a, b] × [c, d] ⊆ ℝ2 → ℝ, a < b, c < d, be functions such that f, g, and fg are in L2(Δ). If f is s1-convex on the co-ordinates on Δ and g is s2-convex on the co-ordinates on Δ, for some fixed s11, s12, s21, s22 ∈ (0, 1), such that , then one has the following inequality;
where L(a, b, c, d), M(a, b, c, d), and N(a, b, c, d) as defined in Theorem 13 and , q1 = B(s12 + 1, s22 + 1),, t1 = B(s11 + 1, s21 + 1).
Proof. By a similar way to Theorem 13 with , q1 = B(s12+1, s22+1), , t1 = B(s11 + 1, s21 + 1) the proof is completed □
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MA and AOA carried out the design of the study and performed the analysis. MEO (adviser) participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Özdemir, M.E., Latif, M.A. & Akdemir, A.O. On some Hadamard-type inequalities for product of two s-convex functions on the co-ordinates. J Inequal Appl 2012, 21 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2012-21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1029-242X-2012-21