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Green synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of Centella asiatica-derived carbon dots

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Abstract

Medicinal plant-derived carbon dots are eco-friendly and possess therapeutic properties. Among the medicinal plants studied throughout the world, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. is known for its medicinal values, especially its neuroceutical and cogniceutical properties. This work discusses the green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) using C. asiatica leaves as the carbon source via fast and cost-effective microwave-assisted method, and its physico-chemical characterization via UV–visible, fluorescence and FTIR spectrometry, XRD, SEM, AFM, TEM, SAED, EDX and zeta potential analyses. The study revealed quasi-spherical CDs having size ~ 3–6 nm, polycrystalline nature, and presence of various functional groups like –COOH, –H, =CH2 and C–O–C with UV absorption peaks at 213 and 322 nm. Interestingly, the C. asiatica-derived CDs exhibited blue fluorescence under UV with maximum emission wavelength of 460 nm when excited at 400 nm. Further, these CDs were evaluated for their biological applications, which uncovered their potential in therapeutics such as antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at a dose of 10 μg, strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 165.28 and 128.48 μg mL−1 in DPPH and H2O2 assays, respectively, and profound anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 value of 106.20 μg mL−1 in protein denaturation assay. The CDs were also assessed for cytotoxicity using whole blood cells and were found to be safe for in vitro administration. Thus, the C. asiatica-derived CDs can be exploited for their potent biomedicinal properties.

Graphical abstract

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Centella asiatica leaf extract and purification. The as synthesized CDs were subjected to various physico-chemical characterization and biomedical assays to understand its properties.

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Acknowledgements

The author, Bothe Thokchom, heartily acknowledges Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)—University Grant Commission (UGC), Delhi for providing the financial support under CSIR-UGC Junior Research Fellowship (No. 201920-19J6233029). The authors appreciate Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad for their kind provision of facilities. The authors also honor the Department of Science and Technology (DST); Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Shivaji University, Kolhapur; SAIF, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai; SAIF-Dharwad and University Scientific Instrumentation Centre (USIC), and DST PURSE Phase-II Program of Karnatak University, Dharwad for their kind assistance in TEM; FEG-SEM and other instrumentation facilities. Furthermore, the authors would also like to thank Dr. Kotresha Katrahalli, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad for identification and authentication of plant material and the Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India for providing the research facilities.

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  1. Department of Applied Genetics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580003, India

    Bothe Thokchom, Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi, Megha B. Abbigeri, Arun K. Shettar & Ramesh Babu Yarajarla

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed mainly by Bothe Thokchom. Santosh M. Bhavi assisted with the characterization of Ca-CDs, Megha B. Abbigeri aided with the cytotoxicity assay and Arun K. Shettar helped in the in-vitro tests for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The overall work was supervised by Ramesh Babu Yarajarla. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Bothe Thokchom and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ramesh Babu Yarajarla.

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Blood samples were obtained with informed consent and experiment was carried out at Karnataka Institute for DNA Research (KIDNAR), Dharwad (IEC Ref no. KIDNAR/B[4]/2018-19).

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Thokchom, B., Bhavi, S.M., Abbigeri, M.B. et al. Green synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of Centella asiatica-derived carbon dots. Carbon Lett. 33, 1057–1071 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-023-00505-3

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