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Optimization of the eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide from graphite using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken models for industrial production orientation

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Abstract

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the improved Hummers’ method. The degree of oxidation from graphite (Gi) to GO was determined through interlayer spacing calculated from X–ray diffraction. Besides, the effect of KMnO4:Gi ratios (X1), H2SO4 volume (X2), oxidation temperature (X3), oxidation time of stage 1 (X4), and oxidation time of stage 2 (X5) was screened by the Plackett–Burman model. The simultaneous impact of three factors that influenced the degree of oxidation (X1, X2, and X3) was studied by the Box–Behnken experimental model of response surface methodology to achieve suitable conditions for the GO synthesis process. The characterization of GO product was investigated via the modern analytical methods: X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In addition, the study was also carried out on a pilot scale for orientation in industrial application with the yield of 14 g/batch.

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Data availability statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the support of time and facilities from Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thien Phuc, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Vu Nguyen Thien Truong An, Nguyen Thanh Hoai Nam, Ly Duc Anh, Huynh Cam Nguyen, Hoang An, Mai Thanh Phong & Nguyen Huu Hieu

  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thien Phuc, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Vu Nguyen Thien Truong An, Nguyen Thanh Hoai Nam, Ly Duc Anh, Huynh Cam Nguyen, Hoang An, Mai Thanh Phong & Nguyen Huu Hieu

  3. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thien Phuc, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Vu Nguyen Thien Truong An, Nguyen Thanh Hoai Nam, Ly Duc Anh, Huynh Cam Nguyen, Hoang An, Mai Thanh Phong & Nguyen Huu Hieu

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  1. Nguyen Thien Phuc
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  2. Nguyen Thi Huong Giang
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Correspondence to Nguyen Huu Hieu.

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Phuc, N.T., Giang, N.T.H., An, V.N.T.T. et al. Optimization of the eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide from graphite using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken models for industrial production orientation. Carbon Lett. 33, 489–500 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00439-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00439-2

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