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Fire/Acid/Alkali-Resistant Aramid/Carbon Nanofiber Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Biomotion and Risk Perception in Fire and Chemical Environments

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Abstract

Casualties are frequent in high-risk environments, particularly in high-risk chemical and high-temperature fire environments, due to improper protection or accidents. While wearable sensors can offer real-time biomechanical monitoring in fire and chemical environments, they cause discomfort, contain toxic heavy metals, and lack resistance to fire and acid/alkali. Herein, a facile approach to fabricating metal-free fire/acid/alkali-resistant poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) fiber and carbon nanofiber composite triboelectric nanogenerator (PMIA/CNF-TENG) was demonstrated. The PMIA/CNF-TENG shows the advantages of textile construction including flexibility, waterproofing, and moisture permeability. It also exhibits unique functions, such as ultrahigh fire/temperature resistance, strong acid and alkali protection, the ability to monitor human signals in real time with self-power, handwritten input for danger signals, and sudden risk perception. The PMIA/CNF-TENG possessed an open-circuit voltage (VOC) retention rate of 96.8% even at 250 °C, thereby showing considerably higher thermal stability than conventional flame-retardant TENGs. When moved from room temperature to a simulated fire environment, the biomotion-generated VOC increased by 136.7% for bending the elbow and by over 900% for hand input, indicating good fire-sensing capability. In addition, output signal strength by solid–liquid contact depended on the solution type and corresponded to the laws—NaOH > HNO3 > H2SO4 > H2O, indicating potential applications in chemical splash detection and active acid–alkali liquid identification. Moreover, the PMIA/CNF-TENG could be built into wireless intelligent sensing systems to achieve remote biomotion and risk perception.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFC2600301), Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China (No. 2020M671580), Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Foundation (2021K579C), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20200968). The authors are sincerely thankful to all individuals who were involved in this study.

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Author notes

  1. Lingling Feng and Sijun Xu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, People’s Republic of China

    Lingling Feng, Sijun Xu, Chengjiao Zhang, Jundan Feng, Lirong Yao & Jianlong Ge

  2. Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan

    Tong Sun

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  1. Lingling Feng
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Correspondence to Sijun Xu or Jianlong Ge.

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Feng, L., Xu, S., Sun, T. et al. Fire/Acid/Alkali-Resistant Aramid/Carbon Nanofiber Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Biomotion and Risk Perception in Fire and Chemical Environments. Adv. Fiber Mater. 5, 1478–1492 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-023-00288-2

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