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Emerging Two-dimensional Materials Constructed Nanofluidic Fiber: Properties, Preparation and Applications

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Abstract

By virtue of ultra-flexibility and non-inductive feature, fibrous electrode is an ideal platform for constructing wearable electronics and implantable electrodes for medical therapy. 2D nanofluidic channels with tailored ion transport dynamics enable minimized charge transfer resistance and efficient ion transport capability. Thus, combining the nanofluidic ion transport features and fibrous electrode advantages, 2D nanofluidic fiber electrode presents a series of extra advantages of unidirectional efficient ion transport and great biofriendliness. In this minireview, we first elaborate the architecture characteristics of the emerging 2D nanofluidic fibers and highlight the intriguing features, such as tunable interlayer spacing, efficient ion transport and modifiable channel surface. Conventional strategies for constructing 2D nanofluidic fibers have been systematically enumerated, including solvent volatilizing regulation, confinement triggered alignment, and flow-driven orientation. In addition, the promising applications of 2D nanofluidic fibers have been also summarized as well. Finally, we analyze the challenges and perspectives of fibrous 2D nanofluidic construction, ion transport mechanism study and potential application extension.

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Fig. 1

Copyright 2020, Springer Nature Limited; Reproduced with permission [45]

Fig. 2

Copyright 2013, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Reproduced with permission [52]. b Schematic diagram illustrating the production of EGM-GO films from an aqueous dispersion with a tunable precursor ratio of GO to EG. c X-ray diffraction curves of the hybrid EGM-GO films, showing that the interlayer distance is controllable with the relative EG weight ratio. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature Limited; Reproduced with permission [54]. d Interlayer spacing (d) changing via adjusting humidity. The inset image demonstrated the relative X-ray diffraction patterns. Copyright 2017, Springer Nature Limited; Reproduced with permission [55]

Fig. 3

Copyright 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Reproduced with permission [32]. c Ionic conductance summary of varied channel depths h of 1015 or 70 nm. The solid line depicts the conductance expected in each channel from bulk solution conductivity to illustrate the ionic conductivity difference at low KCl concentration range. Copyright 2004, American Physical Society; Reproduced with permission [11]. d Ionic conductivity cycling stability after a long ion/water permeation cycle along the 2D nanofluidic longitudinal direction. Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V.; Reproduced with permission [39]

Fig. 4

Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons; Reproduced with permission [70]. c Covalently grafting negatively charged GO colloids (n-GO) prior to assembly yields positively charged GO (p-GO) building blocks. d Representative current–voltage curves responses for n-GOM and p-GOM obtained in 10 mM KCl electrolyte, which demonstrate that the surface charge modification can significantly change the ionic transport behavior. Copyright 2017, John Wiley & Sons; Reproduced with permission [71]

Fig. 5

Copyright 2020, National Academy of Sciences; Reproduced with permission [76]

Fig. 6

Copyright 2013, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Reproduced with permission [80]. g Preparation process of high orientation nanofluidic MXene fibers. h Ionic conductivity of three different MXene fibers (N-round, N-flat, and O-flat) obtained at 1 mM KCl concentration. i Ionic conductivity summary of three different MXene fibers while KCl electrolyte varied from 1.0 M to 1.0 μM. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; Reproduced with permission [43]

Fig. 7

Copyright 2018, American Association for the Advancement of Science; Reproduced with permission [38]. d Schematic illustration of the flake arrangement variation during the plasticizing and stretching process of graphene fibers. Copyright 2020, John Wiley & Sons; Reproduced with permission [87]. e Tensile strength curve and f electrical conductivity summary of MXene fibers at different drawing speeds. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; Reproduced with permission [88]

Fig. 8

Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; Reproduced with permission [43]. d Schematics demonstrate the stacking configuration of multilevel GO flakes and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) within the nanocarbon material hybrid fiber. e Effect of the content of graphene quantum dots on the ionic conductivity of nanochannel. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry; Reproduced with permission [101]. f Ionic current variation at different applied voltage to depict osmotic pressure power generation in GO fiber constructed nanochannels. Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V.; Reproduced with permission [39]

Fig. 9

Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V.; Reproduced with permission [105]. d Photograph of a spring GO electrode integrated on the sciatic nerve of a bullfrog. e Schematic diagram of fiber neutral electrode for recording nerve signals in bullfrog. Copyright 2020, National Academy of Sciences; Reproduced with permission [76]

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Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by a start-up research grant for a distinguished professor at Soochow University (Y. S.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 52003188 (Y. S.), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province No. BK20200871 (Y.S.), the open research fund for Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies (Y. S.), and the open research fund State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University No. KF2104 (Y. S.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, College of Energy, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People’s Republic of China

    Shuo Li & Yuanlong Shao

  2. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai, Shanghai, 201620, People’s Republic of China

    Yaogang Li & Hongzhi Wang

  3. Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, People’s Republic of China

    Yuanlong Shao

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  1. Shuo Li
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  2. Yaogang Li
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  3. Yuanlong Shao
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  4. Hongzhi Wang
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Correspondence to Yaogang Li or Yuanlong Shao.

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Li, S., Li, Y., Shao, Y. et al. Emerging Two-dimensional Materials Constructed Nanofluidic Fiber: Properties, Preparation and Applications. Adv. Fiber Mater. 4, 129–144 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-021-00111-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-021-00111-w

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