Abstract
Purpose
Zinc deficiency is the most common abiotic stress observed worldwide and its omission from fertilizer schedule reduces crops yields, productivity, and quality of crop produces. Zinc use efficiency is generally low (< 5%) and largely limited by many soil factors such as pH, organic carbon content, free lime status, and interaction with other nutrients. Although zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) is the widely used inorganic fertilizer source to alleviate zinc deficiency, its higher solubility leads to leaching loss, adsorption, and fixation with carbonate and bicarbonate ions in calcareous soils which warrants the use of chelated fertilizers. Although synthetic zinc chelates like Zinc EDTA, Zinc HEDTA are the most effective sources for many crops grown on calcareous soils, their effectiveness in improving the crop yields differs considerably. In this regard, synthesis and evaluation of organic and amino acid zinc chelates are highly helpful for increasing the crop yield and quality of crop produces on calcareous soils due to their effectiveness in improving crop growth and soil zinc availability.
Methods
A laboratory study was carried out to synthesize organo zinc chelates using few amino acids (proline, glycine and glutamic acid) and organic acids (citric acid and oxalic acid) as complexing agents with a ligand to metal molar ratio of 1:1. The synthesized chelates were characterized for various properties and zinc concentration and best sources having higher zinc content was forwarded for field evaluation to test their effectiveness in increasing the fruit yield, quality, and zinc nutrition of hybrid tomato on calcareous soils under fertigation.
Results
The synthesized organo zinc chelates were white in color and completely soluble in water except zinc oxalic acid complex. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization of zinc chelates indicated that, amino acid chelates have better surface characteristics and higher zinc concentration than organic acids. Zinc glycinate contain higher zinc, stability, and zeta potential (− 11.5 mV) than other chelates. Field evaluation of zinc chelates indicated that, split application of 5 kg zinc glycinate ha−1 thrice as fertigation at planting (50%), vegetative (25%), and flowering periods (25%) through drip fertigation recorded higher fresh fruit yield, quality crop produces, and zinc supply in comparison to Zinc EDTA on calcareous soils. Further, it also exerted significant influence on plant growth and yield attributes of hybrid tomato.
Conclusions
Drip fertigation of 5 kg zinc glycinate ha−1 split applied thrice at critical growth periods is optimal to improve the yield, quality and zinc nutrition of hybrid tomato on calcareous soils.
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Government of Tamil Nadu for funding the project and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, for facilitating to conduct the research.
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The financial support given for this research by the Government of Tamil Nadu and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, is gratefully acknowledged.
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Thiyagarajan, C. Organo Zinc Chelates for Improving the Yield and Zinc Nutrition of Hybrid Tomato on Calcareous Soil Under Drip Fertigation. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 22, 140–149 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00639-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00639-1