Abstract
Slag-based gypsum (SBG) is a unique synthetic gypsum which is alkaline in nature, besides calcium (Ca) and sulphur (S); it contains appreciable amounts of iron (Fe), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of SBG as a source of S, Ca and Si for groundnut in comparison with natural gypsum (NG). The effect of different levels and time of application of SBG on soil fertility and yield and quality of groundnut were also studied. Field experiments were conducted with five treatments which includes two levels of SBG (500 and 625 kg ha−1) applied as basal and basal + split and one level of NG (500 kg ha−1) applied as basal. Basal and basal + split applications of SBG significantly increased the pod and haulm yield of groundnut, pH, electrical conductivity and plant-available nutrients in post-harvest soil. However, N:S ratio, kernel and protein yield and oil content did not vary with SBG application. Applied S, Ca and Si as SBG and their uptake were positively correlated with plant-available S, Ca and Si and pod, oil and protein yield of groundnut, respectively. Basal and basal + split applications of SBG resulted in a similar effect on soil fertility and yield and quality of groundnut. Findings from this study show that SBG can be a potential alternative for NG as a source of S, Ca and Si for groundnut production. Among the treatments, basal and basal + split applications of 625 kg SBG ha−1 substantially improved the fertility of soils and yield and quality of groundnut.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abou-seeda MH (2002) Assessment of basic slag as soil amelioration and their effects on the uptake of some nutrient elements by radish plants. Bull Nat Res Centre (Cairo) 27:491–506
Adams JF, Hartzog DL, Nelson DB (1993) Supplemental calcium application on yield, grade, and seed quality of runner peanut. Agron J 85:86–93. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1993.00021962008500010018x
Adhikari J, Samanta D, Samui RC (2003) Effect of gypsum on growth and yield of confectionery groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties in summer season. Indian J Agric Sci 73:108–109
Adkine SA, Raut MM, Gourkhede PH (2017) Effect of gypsum and zinc sulphate application on yield and quality of mustard (Brassicca juncea L.) in vertisols. J Trop Agric 35(3):679–684
Ahmad HR, Ghafoor A, Corwin DL, Aziz MA, Saifullah SM (2010) Organic and inorganic amendments affect soil concentration and accumulation of cadmium and lead in wheat in calcareous alkaline soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 42(1):111–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.528494
Ahmad A, Afzal M, Ahmad AUH, Tahir M (2013) Effect of foliar application of silicon on yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cercetari Agron 155:21–28. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0089-3
Ali MT, Shahram SH (2007) Converter slag as a liming agent in the amelioration of acidic soils. Int J Agric Biol 9(5):715–720
Alva AK, Sumner ME (1990) Amelioration of acid soil infertility by phosphogypsum. Plant Soil 128:127–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011101
Anthati R (2011) Effect of different levels of gypsum with different levels of pressmud cake on yield and uptake of nutrients in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (M.Sc., Thesis, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University)
Ashrit S, Banerjee PK, Chatti RV, Rayasam V, Nair UG (2015) Synthesis and characterization of yellow gypsum from LD slag fines generated in a steel plant. Curr Sci 109:727–732. https://doi.org/10.18520/CS/V109/I4/727-732
Ashrit S, Chatti RV, Sarkar S, Venugopal R, Udayabhanu G (2020) Potential application of yellow gypsum from LD slag as a soil conditioner. Curr Sci 118(1). https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v118/i1/114-118
Barbosa Filho MP, Zimmermann FJP, Silva OFD (2004) Influence of calcium silicate slag on soil acidity and upland rice grain yield. Cienc Agrotec 28:323–331. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542004000200011
Baruah TC, Barthakur HP (1997) A textbook of soil. Analysis:142–190
Baylis AD, Gragopoulou C, Davidson KJ (1994) Effects of silicon on the toxicity of aluminium to soybean. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 25:537–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369061
Bergmann W (1992) Nutritional disorders of plant - development, visual and analytical diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Stuttgart
Bes C, Mench M (2008) Remediation of copper-contaminated top soils from a wood treatment facility using in situ stabilisation. Environ Pollut 156:1128–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.006
Biswas BC, Sarkar MC, Tanwar SPS, Das S, Kalwe SP (2004) Sulphur deficiency in soils and crop response to fertiliser sulphur in India. Fertilizer News 49:13–34
Bray RH, Kurtz LT (1945) Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci 59(1):39–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-194501000-00006
Caires EF, Churka S, Garbuio FJ, Ferrari MMA (2006) Soybean yield and quality a function of lime and gypsum applications. Sci Agric 63:370–379. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162006000400008
Cram WJ (1990) Uptake and transport of sulphate. In: Rennenberg H (ed) Sulphur nutrition and assimilation in higher plants. SPB Acadmic Publishing, The Hague, pp 3–11
Crusciol CAC, Soratto RP, Castro GSA, Costa CHMD, Ferrari Neto J (2013) Foliar application of stabilized silicic acid on soybean, common bean, and peanut. Rev Cienc Agron 44(2):404–410. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902013000200025
Fageria NK, Moreira A, Moraes LAC, Moraes MF (2014) Influence of lime and gypsum on yield and yield components of soybean and changes in soil chemical properties. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 45:271–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2013.861906
Farina MPW, Channon P (1988) Acid-subsoil amelioration: II. Gypsum effects on growth and subsoil chemical properties. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52:175–180. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010031x
Fazili IS, Jamal A, Ahmad S, Masoodi M, Khan JS, Abdin MZ (2008) Interactive effect of sulfur and nitrogen on nitrogen accumulation and harvest in oilseed crops differing in nitrogen assimilation potential. J Plant Nutr 31:1203–1220. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802134905
Friedrich JW, Schrader LE (1978) Sulphur deprivation and nitrogen metabolism in maize seedlings. Plant Physiol 61:900–903. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.61.6.900
Gascho GJ (1992) Groundnut [peanut] (Arachis hypogaea L.). In World fertilizer use manual, ed. W. Wichmann, Paris: International Fertilizer Industry Association, 201-210
Gashti AH, Vishekaei MNS, Hosseinzadeh MH (2012) Effect of potassium and calcium application on yield, yield components and qualitative characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Guilan Province, Iran. World Appl Sci J 16:540–546
Giri U, Kundu P, Chakraborty A, Bandyopadhyay P (2011) Effect of sulphur and different irrigation regimes on groundnut. J Crop Weed 7:80–83
Gobarah ME, Mohamed MH, Tawfik MM (2006) Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and foliar spraying with zinc on growth, yield and quality of groundnut under reclaimed sandy soils. J App Sci Res 2(8):491–496
Gomez KA, Gomez AA (1984) Randomized complete block design analysis. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Willey and Sons, New York
Gong H, Zhu X, Chen K, Wang S, Zhang C (2005) Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Sci J 169:313–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.02.023
Grichar WJ, Besler BA, Brewer KD (2016) Comparison of agricultural and power plant by-product gypsum for South Texas peanut production. Tex J Agric Nat Resour 15:44–50
Hamayun M, Sohn EY, Khan SA, Shinwari ZK, Khan AL, Lee IJ (2010) Silicon alleviates the adverse effects of salinity and drought stress on growth and endogenous plant growth hormones of soybean (Glycine max L.). Pak J Bot 42:1713–1722
Handbook of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi (2006)
Havlin JL, Beaton JD, Tisdale SL, Nelson WL (2005) Soil fertility and fertilizers: an introduction to nutrient management (no. 631.422/H388). Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Haynes RJ (2014) A contemporary overview of silicon availability in agricultural soils. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 177(6):831–844. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201400202
Haynes RJ, Belyaeva ON, Kingston G (2013) Evaluation of industrial wastes as sources of fertilizer silicon using chemical extractions and plant uptake. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 176:238–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201200372
Haysom MBC, Chapman L (1975) Some aspects of the calcium silicate trials at Mackay. Proc Qld Soc Sugar Cane Tech 42:112–117
Indian Minerals Year Book (2018) Ministry of mines Indian bureau of mines, 57th edition
Jackson ML (1973) Soil Chem Analy. Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
Jamal A, Fazli IS, Ahmad S, Abdin MZ (2006) Interactive effect of nitrogen and sulphur on yield and quality of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Korean J Crop Sci 51(6):519–522. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740221002
Janzen HH, Bettany JR (1984) Sulfur nutrition of rapeseed: I. Influence of fertilizer nitrogen and sulfur rates. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48(1):100–107. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800010019x
Kabir R, Yeasmin S, Islam AKMM, Sarkar MR (2013) Effect of phosphorus, calcium and boron on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Int J Biosci Biotechnol 5:51–60
Kannan P, Swaminathan C, Ponmani S (2017) Sulfur nutrition for enhancing rainfed groundnut productivity in typical alfisol of semi-arid regions in India. J Plant Nutr 40:828–840. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2016.1245329
Khan HR, Rahman S, Hussain MS, Adachi T (1994) Growth and yield response of rice to selected amendments in an acid sulfate soil. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 40:231–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1994.10413297
Korndorfer GH, Snyder GH, Ulloa M, Powell GD, Datnoff LE (2001) Calibration of soil and plant silicon analysis for rice production. J Plant Nutr 24:1071–1084. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-100103804
Korndorfer GH, Nolla A, Ramos LA (2005) Available silicon in tropical soils and crop yield. III. Silicon in Agriculture Conference, Uberlandia, 22-26 October, Brazil. 77-84
Kostic L, Nikolic N, Bosnic D, Samardzic J, Nikolic M (2017) Silicon increases phosphorus (P) uptake by wheat under low P acid soil conditions. Plant Soil 419(1–2):447–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3364-0
Kumar S, Tewari SK, Singh SS (2011) Effect of sources and levels of sulfur on growth yield and quality of sunflower. Indian J Agron 56:242–246
Kurdali F, Mohammad AC, Ahmad M (2013) Growth and nitrogen fixation in silicon and/or potassium fed chickpeas grown under drought and well-watered conditions. J Stress Physiol Biochem 9:385–406
Lee SK, Sohn EY, Hamayun M, Yoon JY, Lee IJ (2010) Effect of silicon on growth and salinity stress of soybean plant growth under hydroponic system. Agrofor Syst 80(3):333–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9299-6
Lehninger AL (1970) Biochemistry - the molecular basis of cell structure and function. Worth publisher, Inc, New York
Liang YC, Si J, Romheld V (2005) Si uptake and transport is an active process in Cucumis sativus L. New Phytol 167:797–804. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01463.x
Liang Y, Nikolic M, Bélanger R, Gong H, Song A (2015) Effect of silicon on crop growth, yield and quality. In: Silicon in agriculture. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9978-2-11
Loganathan S, Krishnamoorthy KK (1977) Total uptake of nutrients at different stages of the growth of groundnut and the ratios in which various nutrient elements exist in groundnut plant. Plant Soil 46(3):565–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015915
Lopez FA, Balcazar N, Formoso A, Pinto M, Rodriguez M (1995) The recycling of Linz-Donawitz (LD) converter slag by use as a liming agent on pasture land. Waste Manag Res 13:555–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-242X(05)80034-5
Ma JF, Takahashi E (2002) Soil, fertilizer and plant silicon research in Japan. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51166-9.X5000-3
Ma JF, Miyake Y, Takahashi E (2001) Si as a beneficial element for crop plants. Plant Sci 8:17–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-3420(01)80006-9
Majumdar S, Prakash NB (2020) An overview on the potential of silicon in promoting defence against biotic and abiotic stresses in sugarcane. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr:1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00269-z
Mali M, Aery NC (2009) Effect of silicon on growth, biochemical constituents, and mineral nutrition of cowpea. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 40(7–8):1041–1052. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620902753590
Manaf A, Akhtar MN, Siddique MT, Iqbal M, Ahmed H (2017) Yield and quality of groundnut genotypes as affected by different sources of sulphur under rainfed conditions. Soil Environ 36:166–173. https://doi.org/10.25252/SE/17/41163
Matichenkov VV (1990) Amorphous oxide of silicon in soddy podzolic soil and its influence on plants. Can. Diss, Moscow State University
Meena S, Malarkodi M, Senthilvalavan P (2007) Secondary and micronutrients for groundnut - a review. Indian J Agric Res 28:295
Mupangwa WT, Tagwira F (2005) Groundnut yield response to single superphosphate, calcitic lime and gypsum on acid granitic sandy soil. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 73(2–3):161–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-0075-3
Murata MR (2003) The impact of soil acidity amelioration on groundnut production and sandy soils of Zimbabwe (Ph.D Thesis, University of Pretoria)
Murata MR, Zharare GE, Hammes PS (2007) pH of the pod-zone affects reproductive growth of groundnut. J Plant Nutr 31(1):69–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701741859
Murillo-Amador B, Yamada S, Yamaguchi T, Rueda-Puente E, Avila-Serrano N, Garcia-Hernandez JL, Lopez-Aguilar R, Troyo-Dieguez E, Nieto-Garibay A (2007) Influence of calcium silicate on growth, physiological parameters and mineral nutrition in two legume species under salt stress. J Agron Crop Sci 193(6):413–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2007.00273.x
Narayanaswamy C, Prakash NB (2010) Evaluation of selected extractants for plant-available silicon in rice soils of southern India. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 41(8):977–989. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103621003646063
National Test House (2018) Eastern region, Page no.1
Negim O, Eloifi B, Mench M, Bes C, Gaste H, Motelica-Heino M, Coustumer PL (2010) Effect of basic slag addition on soil properties, growth and leaf mineral composition of beans in a Cu-contaminated soil. Soil Sediment Contam 19:174–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380903548508
Ning D, Liang Y, Liu Z, Xiao J, Duan A (2016) Impacts of steel - slag - based silicate fertilizer on soil acidity and silicon availability and metals-immobilization in a paddy soil. PLoS One 11:163–168. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168163
Oliveira LA, Korndorfer GH, Campos ACP, Chagas RS, Jorge RF (2005) Silicon accumulation in rice under different rhizosphere pH conditions. Second Silicon in Agriculture Conference 1:131
Owino-Gerroh C, Gascho GJ (2004) Effect of silicon on low pH soil phosphorus sorption and on uptake and growth of maize. Comun Soil Sci Plant Anal 35:2369–2378. https://doi.org/10.1081/LCSS-200030686
Parischa NS, Tandon HLS (1993) Fertilizer management in oilseed crops. In: Tandon HLS (ed) Fertilizer recommendation for oilseed crops, 2nd edn. Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organisation, New York, pp 95–103
Pinto M, Rodriguez M, Besga G, Balcazar N, Lopez FA (1995) Effects of Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag on soil properties and pasture production in the Basque country (Northern Spain). New Zeal J Agr Res 38:143–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1995.9513113
Piper CS (1966) Soil and plant analysis. Hans publishers, Bombay, p 368
Prakash NB, Dhumgond P, Venkatesh S, Chikkaramappa T, Ashrit S (2020) Performance of slag based gypsum on maize yield and available soil nutrients over commercial gypsum under acidic and neutral soil. Comun Soil Sci Plant Anal:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1791161
Rahevar HD, Patel PP, Patel BT, Joshi SK, Vaghela SJ (2015) Effect of FYM, iron and zinc on growth and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under North Gujarat Agro-climatic conditions. Indian J Agric Sci 49(3):294–296. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-058X.2015.00049.9
Rao KT, Rao AU, Sekhar D (2013) Effect of sources and levels of sulphur on groundnut. J Acad Ind Res 2:268–270
Rashmi I, Mina BL, Kuldeep K, Ali S, Kumar A, Kala S, Singh RK (2018) Gypsum-an inexpensive, effective sulphur source with multitude impact on oilseed production and soil quality-a review. Agric Rev 39(3). https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.R-1792
Rodriguez M, Lopez FA, Pinto M, Balcazar N, Besga G (1994) Basic Linz-Donawitz slag as a liming agent for pastureland. Agron J 86:904–909. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600050027x
Saha JK, Singh AB, Ganeshamurthy AN, Kundu S, Biswas AK (2001) Sulfur accumulation in vertisols due to continuous gypsum application for six years and its effect on yield and biochemical constituents of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 164(3):317–320. https://doi.org/10.1002/1522-2624(200106)164:3/317::aid-jpln317>3.0.co;2-c
Sarwar N, Saifullah S, Malhi S, Zia MH, Naeem A, Bibi S, Farid G (2010) Role of mineral nutrition in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants. J Sci Food Agr 90:925–937. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3916
Shwethakumari U, Prakash NB (2018) Effect of foliar application of silicic acid on soybean yield and seed quality under field conditions. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 66(4):406–414. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0228.2018.00051.8
Singh YP, Aggarwal RL (1998) Effect of sulphur sources and levels on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo). Indian J Agron 43(3):448–452
Singh AL, Chaudhari V (1997) Sulphur and micronutrient nutrition of groundnut in a calcareous soil. J Agron Crop Sci 179(2):107–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.1997.tb00505.x
Smith AP, Chen D, Chalk PM (2009) N2 fixation by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in a gypsum-amended sodic soil. Biol Fert Soils 45:329–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-008-0347-6
Soil Survey Staff (1999) Soil taxonomy. Agriculture Handbook 436
Soratto RP, Crusciol CA (2008) Dolomite and phosphogypsum surface application effects on annual crops nutrition and yield. Agron J 100:261–270. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2007.0120
Su C, Evans LJ (1996) Soil solution chemistry and alfalfa response to CaCO3 and MgCO3 on an acidic gleysol. Can J Soil Sci 76:41–47. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss96-007
Subbiah BV, Asija GL (1956) A rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Curr Sci 28:259–260. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2019.73010
Subramanian S, Gopalswamy A (1990) Influence of silicate and phosphate materials on availability and uptake of silicon and phosphorus in acid soil. Oryza 27:267–273
Sumner ME (1994) Measurement of soil pH: problems and solutions. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 25:859–879. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369085
Syed-Omar SR, Sumner ME (1991) Effect of gypsum on soil potassium and magnesium status and growth of alfalfa. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 22(19–20):2017–2028. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629109368554
Tabatabai MA (1987) Physicochemical fate of sulfate in soils. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 37:34–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466197
Toma M, Sumner ME, Weeks G, Saigusa M (1999) Long-term effects of gypsum on crop yield and subsoil chemical properties. Soil Sci Soc America J 63:891–895. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.634891x
Usha Rani K, Sharma KL, Nagasri K, Srinivas K, Vishnu Murthy T, Maruthi Shankar GR, Korwar GR, Sridevi Sankar K, Madhavi M, Kusuma Grace J (2009) Response of sunflower to sources and levels of sulfur under rainfed semi-arid tropical conditions. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 40(17–18):2926–2944. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620903175389
Vicensi M, Lopes C, Koszalka V, Umburanas RC, Kawakami J, Pott CA, Muller MML (2019) Gypsum rates and splitting under no-till: soil fertility, corn performance, accumulated yield and profits. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00157-1
Wallace A (1994) Use of gypsum on soil where needed can make agriculture more sustainable. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 25(1–2):109–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369015
White B, Tubana B, Babu T, Mascagni H, Agostinho F Jr, Datnoff L, Harrison S (2017) Effect of silicate slag application on wheat grown under two nitrogen rates. Plants 6:47–61. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants6040047
Williams CH, Steinbergs H (1959) Soil sulfur fractions as chemical indices of available sulphur in some Australian soils. Aust J Agric Res 10:340–352. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9590340
Yadav KK, Chhipa BR (2007) Effect of FYM, gypsum and iron pyrites on fertility status of soil and yield of wheat irrigated with high RSC water. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 55(3):324–329
Yadav RLK, Yadav SN, Singh RP, Yadav PK (2015) Effect of gypsum on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Environ Ecol 33(2):676–679
Yadav N, Yadav SS, Yadav N, Yadav MR, Kumar R, Yadav LR, Yadav VK, Yadav A (2019) Sulphur management in groundnut for higher productivity and profitability under semi-arid condition of Rajasthan, India. Legume Res 42(4). https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-3986
Zambrosi FCB, Alleoni LRF, Caires EF (2007) Nutrient concentration in soil water extracts and soybean nutrition in response to lime and gypsum applications to an acid Oxisol under no-till system. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 79:169–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9105-7
Zhang GY, Zhang XN, Yu TR (1987) Adsorption of sulphate and fluoride by variable charge soils. J Soil Sci 38:29–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1987.tb02120.x
Zhang W, Xie Z, Lang D, Cui J, Zhang X (2017) Beneficial effects of silicon on abiotic stress tolerance in legumes. J Plant Nutr 40(15):2224–2236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1346127
Zhao CX, Jia LH, Wang YF, Wang ML, Mcgiffen ME Jr (2015) Effects of different soil texture on peanut growth and development. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 46:2249–2257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2015.1059845
Zharare GE (1996) Research priorities for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) nutrition - a scientific basis for manipulating soil fertility to optimize groundnut yields. In Agronomy Institute Annual Review and Planning Workshop - 6-7
Zhou GXJ, Dong L, Li M (2014) Effects of Si addition on seed germination and seedling growth of Glvarrhiza uralensis under salt stress. Chin Tradit Herb Drug 45:2075–2079. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2015.11513207
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Tata Steel Pvt. Ltd., Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, for providing synthetic gypsum material and funding for this research program. The authors also thank AICRP on Sunflower, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, for providing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) facility for measuring oil content of groundnut.
Funding
This study was funded by Tata steel Pvt. Ltd., Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
M, L., Prakash, N.B., Dhumgond, P. et al. Slag-Based Gypsum as a Source of Sulphur, Calcium and Silicon and Its Effect on Soil Fertility and Yield and Quality of Groundnut in Southern India. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 2698–2713 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00335-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00335-6