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Combined Effects of Straw Returning and Chemical N Fertilization on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield from Paddy Fields in Northwest Hubei Province, China

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Abstract

The effects of crop straw returning or chemical N fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield have been extensively studied, but their interaction effects remain unclear. So, this study aimed to investigate greenhouse gas emissions and yield from paddy fields as affected by straw returning, chemical N application, and their interactions in the 2017 and 2018 rice-growing seasons in northwest Hubei Province, China. The static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to determine CH4 and N2O fluxes. Straw returning had no significant effect on N2O emissions, but significantly increased CH4 emissions due to increased mcrA abundance and global warming potential (GWP). Chemical N fertilization significantly decreased CH4 emissions by 7.2–18.8% and GWP by 13.5–17.9%, but increased N2O emissions by 72.5–311.1% due to increased abundance of AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA, nirK, and nirS. Both straw returning and chemical N fertilization significantly increased rice yield. Straw returning significantly increased greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), while N fertilization obviously decreased the GHGI. Moreover, significant interaction effects of straw returning and chemical N fertilization on CH4 emissions, GHGI, and grain yield were observed. The combination of 250 kg N ha−1 of chemical N application and no straw resulted in the lowest GWP, second lowest GHGI and relatively high grain yield among all treatments. In conclusion, 250 kg N ha−1 of chemical N application without straw returning may be an ecological and economic practice for rice production in this study. Nevertheless, ecological-friendly methods of straw returning for sustainable agriculture should be further explored in future studies.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank the editor and anonymous references for their valuable suggestions and critical comments for the improvement of the original manuscript.

Funding

This work is funded by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2018YFD0301303 and 2017YFD0301403), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671637 and 31670447), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2016CFA017 and 2018CFB608), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662019FW009).

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  1. MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Quanyi Hu, Tianqi Liu, Songsong Jiang, Cougui Cao & Chengfang Li

  2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Cougui Cao & Chengfang Li

  3. Extend Service Center of Agricultural Technology, Zaoyang, City, 441200, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Bin Chen & Junbo Liu

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  1. Quanyi Hu
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Quanyi Hu, data analysis of postharvest experiments, and writing of the manuscript; Tianqi Liu, Songsong Jiang, Bin Chen, and Junbo Liu, conducting experiment in field; Cougui Cao and Chengfang Li, planning, design, and data analysis of postharvest experiments.

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Hu, Q., Liu, T., Jiang, S. et al. Combined Effects of Straw Returning and Chemical N Fertilization on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yield from Paddy Fields in Northwest Hubei Province, China. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 392–406 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00120-0

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