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Bioprospecting of Metarhizium anisopliae derived crude extract: a ecofriendly insecticide against insect pest

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Abstract

Synthetic pesticides are a considerable issue in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Green pesticides derived from fungi, provide an efficient tools and alternative to chemicals. Secondary metabolites from Metarhizium anisopliae were tested against major disease mosquitos such as, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, as well as two non-target species, Eudrilus eugeniae and Artemia nauplii. After 24 h of treatment, M. anisopliae derived chemical constituent produced low LC50 values, 54.678, 92.819, and 93.792 µg/ml on Aedes aegypti, for Anopheles stephensi, 80.933, 116.990 and 130.173 µg/ml, for Culex quinquefasciatus, 109.733, 196.540, 182.853 µg/ml in larvae, pupae, and adult, respectively. On the contrary, fungal metabolites are not hazardous to non-target species.. Midgut histology investigations revealed that M. anisopliae metabolites were less harmful to earthworms than chemical pesticides (Permethrin). The treatment of fungal crude extract exhibited minimal toxicity effects on gut tissues, normal epidermis, circular muscle, setae, mitochondrion, and intestinal lumen tissues. M. anisopliae crude metabolites showed a lower toxicity against the non-target species A. nauplii. Our results clearly shows minimal mortality rates were produced by the M. anisopliae derived chemical constituents, LC50 and LC90 values were, 455.947, 5098.233 μg/mL−1. No behavioral changes were observed during the treatment. The primary components of M.anisopliae crude extract identified by GC–MS studies were aucubin (14.356%) and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-(75.009%). The presence of key functional groups such as carboxylic acid, amides, and phenol groups was revealed by FT-IR spectral studies, which may be involved in mosquitocidal activity.

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Acknowledgements

P.Vivekanandhan thank for providing financial supports under University Research Fellowship Scheme (Ref No. PU/AD-3/URF/2016) to Periyar University. We also thank the Institute of Vector Control and Zoonoses (IVCZ) Hosur for supplying eggs. We also express our thanks to Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, for providing infrastructural facility for carry out our research successfully.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem- 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

    P. Vivekanandhan, K. Swathy & M. S. Shivakumar

  2. Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-77, Tamil Nadu, India

    P. Vivekanandhan & K. Swathy

  3. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    P. Vivekanandhan

  4. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    P. Vivekanandhan & Stefano Bedini

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P. Vivekanandhan designed the research; P. Vivekanandhan done the experiments and interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript; M.S. Shivakumar and S. Bedini and K. Swathy revised and approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to M. S. Shivakumar.

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Vivekanandhan, P., Swathy, K., Bedini, S. et al. Bioprospecting of Metarhizium anisopliae derived crude extract: a ecofriendly insecticide against insect pest. Int J Trop Insect Sci 43, 429–440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00935-y

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