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Effect of Ca and Ti contents on characteristics of inclusions in Fe–Si–Cr–Mn–Al–Ti–Ca–O melts

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Abstract

The inclusion characteristics in 55SiCr spring steel with different contents of titanium and calcium were investigated. The chemical compositions of steel samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, and the inclusion characteristics was determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the Ti/Al ratio should be kept at less than 1, and the content of calcium should be controlled between 0.0015 and 0.0025 wt.% in Si–Mn–Al deoxidized steel, so that more solid inclusions can be converted to liquid inclusions. Moreover, the high Ti content in melts is the direct cause of the high proportion of Ti3O5 in the inclusions, which involves [Ti] to reduce SiO2 and Al2O3 in inclusions. In addition, calcium treatment can reduce the content of Ti3O5 in inclusions, and the degree of reduction is closely related to the content of [O]. The thermodynamic calculation of Fe–Si–Mn–Cr–Al–Ti–Ca–O molten steel system during solidification process was performed by FactSage software, taking all types of inclusions into account, such as titanium oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, manganese oxide, calcium titanate, mullite, calcium aluminate, and liquid inclusion. The inclusion type of calculation results was in accordance with the experimental results at 1550 °C, and TiOx aggregation behavior was consistent with the Ti2O3-containing precipitation phase.

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Acknowledgements

The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51904346) and the Introduce Talents Research Fund of Central South University are greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China

    Ren-sheng Li, Meng-chuan Li, Tong-sheng Zhang & Wan-lin Wang

  2. International Union Research Center for Clean Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China

    Ren-sheng Li, Meng-chuan Li & Wan-lin Wang

  3. WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

    Tong-sheng Zhang

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  1. Ren-sheng Li
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Correspondence to Tong-sheng Zhang.

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Li, Rs., Li, Mc., Zhang, Ts. et al. Effect of Ca and Ti contents on characteristics of inclusions in Fe–Si–Cr–Mn–Al–Ti–Ca–O melts. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 30, 1952–1962 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-022-00895-0

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