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Solo and combined applications of fungicides and bio-agents to reduce severity of Fusarium oxysporum and induce antioxidant metabolites in Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

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Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is a serious pathogen, causing wilt disease and severely affecting production worldwide of many crops. In this study, we aimed to control tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum by integrating fungicides with bio-agents. Using fungicides in combination with bio-agents allowed for a reduction of application rates of fungicides while still minimizing the risk of emergence of resistant strains of the pathogen. Using in vitro fungicides assay, we determined that Bendaco (carbendazim12% + mancozeb 63%) at 250 ppm causes maximum reduction of 87.2% in colony growth. Then, the biocontrol agents’ antifungal potential was assessed against the pathogen using dual plate culture technique. Amongst the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest percent of inhibition compared to the control. To improve the control of Fusarium wilt disease by combining fungicides and bio-agents, the compatibility of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma virens was determined with carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% and Roko (thiophanate methyl) at maximum tolerance concentration (MTC that reduced ≥ 50% colony growth) and at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC that reduced ≤ 50% inhibition of colony growth) by using the poisoned food technique. Finally, the combination of carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% and T. harzianum was shown to be effective in reducing the severity of Fusarium wilt disease to 21.72% in 2018 and to 24.42% in 2019, while controls only reduced disease severity to 64.23% and 66.23%,in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The combined treatment enhanced the production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant metabolites by tulsi. Thus, the strategy of combining fungicides with bio-agents was found more effective against the Fusarium oxysporum and it ensured a higher plant growth and a better accumulation of bio-antioxidants in comparison to their solo applications.

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Data availability

Genome database of Trichoderma species and Fusarium oxysporum were deposited in National Centre of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to acquired specific accession number. Each isolates records can be generated with available accession number: AMUFOT (MW872015), AMU THR1 (MK765028), AMU TVI1 (MK764992), AMUTVR2 (MK774725), AMUTAT1 (MK765027), AMU TK1 (MK765011) and AMU THA1 (MK765015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Agricultural Sciences, Glocal University, Pin-247121, Saharanpur, India

    Nasreen Musheer

  2. Centre of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Arshi Jamil & Anam Choudhary

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Nasreen Musheer has special involvement in isolation and morphological and molecular characterization of pathogen and bio-agents from tulsi plants rhizosphere. In-vitro and in-vitro trials were conducted to examine the efficiency of combine application of fungicides and bio-agents in the improvement of antioxidants metabolites in tulsi plants against Fusarium oxysporum. Nasreen Musheer, Arshi Jamil and Anam Choudhary have approved the accuracy or integrity related to any part of the manuscript before submission.

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Musheer, N., Jamil, A. & Choudhary, A. Solo and combined applications of fungicides and bio-agents to reduce severity of Fusarium oxysporum and induce antioxidant metabolites in Ocimum tenuiflorum L.. J Plant Pathol 105, 237–251 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-022-01271-3

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