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Formulation and mechanical characterization of a semi-crystalline nano-fluorine hydroxyapatite-filled dental adhesive

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Abstract

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of adding nano-crystalline fluorine hydroxyapatite (FHAp) bioceramic into dental adhesive on the mechanical properties and bonding strength to dentin substrate. FHAp was synthesized using a sol–gel method and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Citric acid was used as the coupling agent. The fillers were added to an ethanol-based experimental dental adhesive containing Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and HEMA (weight ratio 2:1:1). Camphorquinone (0.1%w) and ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoat (0.1%w) were used as photo-initiator and co-initiator for photo-polymerization at the weight ratios of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2%. Flexural strength and modulus of photo-polymerized specimens were measured using a three-point bending test (n = 10 for each group). Degree of conversion (DC) was measured using FTIR. Microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) to bovine dentin was measured (n = 10 for each group). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results showed that the maximum flexural strength and modulus were obtained by adding 0.2 and 1% FHAp, respectively. Therefore, the FHAp fillers made the adhesive stiffer but more brittle up to 1% w/w. Adding 2% fillers decreased the mechanical properties and precipitation of some fractions of fillers was observed. The SEM imaging showed an integrated interface between fillers and the resin matrix. Moreover, the DC was not affected by the filler content and all samples showed more than 98% of conversion. Maximum μTBS was obtained in 1%-filled specimen. In conclusion, adding 1% w/w FHAp bioceramic fillers may improve the bonding strength to the dentin substrate. More studies are needed to evaluate the bioactivity of FHAp-filled dental adhesives.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Eshghpour the Director of Student Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry.

Funding

This study was supported by the grant nos. 941233 and 950127 of Research Chancellor of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, which is appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Kiana Shekofteh, Alireza Boruziniat, Mohammad-Javad Moghaddas, Fatemeh Namdar, Ehsan Zahabi & Hossein Bagheri

  2. Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Alireza Boruziniat, Mohammad-Javad Moghaddas, Fatemeh Namdar & Hossein Bagheri

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  1. Kiana Shekofteh
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  2. Alireza Boruziniat
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  4. Fatemeh Namdar
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  5. Ehsan Zahabi
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  6. Hossein Bagheri
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Correspondence to Hossein Bagheri.

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Shekofteh, K., Boruziniat, A., Moghaddas, MJ. et al. Formulation and mechanical characterization of a semi-crystalline nano-fluorine hydroxyapatite-filled dental adhesive. J Aust Ceram Soc 54, 731–738 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-018-0203-6

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