Abstract
Land degradation and climate change are universal agenda for the 21st century. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of watershed management on selected soil properties, wheat grain yield, farmers income and climate change adaptation strategies in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia. Two treated and untreated watersheds were selected, and data were collected at representative locations (upper, middle and lower slope positions) in both watersheds. Soil samples were collected to determine the soil physical and chemical properties. Wheat grain yield was collected in the field. To identify climate change adaptation strategies and to evaluate households’ income field survey and questionnaire were administered using random sampling technique. The result shows that total nitrogen, available phosphorous, soil organic matter, soil organic carbon, soil reaction and moisture contents were significantly affected positively by watershed management. In the treated watershed, the wheat crop yield was increased by 33.2% and household income increased by 13.77% due to the watershed management interventions. The communities were practicing planting multipurpose trees and shrubs on their farmland, practicing irrigation development, implementing different soil and water conservation practices on their farms and communal lands, intensifying crop productivity and destocking in the two watersheds to adapt climate change. In this regard, this watershed management approach should be up-scaled to other areas and research work has to be extended to show the effect of watershed management on climate change adaptation.
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Abbreviations
- ADSWE:
-
Amhara design super vision work enterprise
- ANNOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- AP:
-
Available phosphorous
- BD:
-
Bulk density
- CBWM:
-
Community based watershed management
- CEC:
-
Cation exchange capacity
- FAO:
-
Food and Agricultural Organization
- GDP:
-
Gross domestic product
- IDP:
-
International development program
- IPCC:
-
Intergovernmental panel on climate change
- IWSM:
-
Integrated watershed wanagement
- MC:
-
Moisture content
- MOARD:
-
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
- NAPA:
-
National Adaptation Program Action
- NMA:
-
National metrological agency
- SOC:
-
Soil organic carbon
- SOM:
-
Soil organic matter
- SPSS:
-
Statistical package for social science
- SWCP:
-
Soil and water conservation practices
- TN:
-
Total nitrogen
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Acknowledgements
This study would never be completed without the contribution of many people to whom we would like to express our gratitude. The administrative kebele’s development agents, district agricultural officials, local youths, in each of the sampling sites were indispensable for the successful completion of the field work. We would like also to acknowledge people who contributed their knowledge and time in data collection and other reliable supports.
Funding
Funded by Bahir Dar University and Bureau of forest, environment and climate change.
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MA has made substantial contributions in conception design, acquisition of data, interpretation of results and leading the overall activities of the research. He has given also the final approval of the version to be published. SA, MM and AA contributed in designing, data collection and analysis of this research. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Alewoye Getie, M., Legesse, S.A., Mekonnen, M. et al. Soil Properties and Crop Productivity Strategies as a Potential Climate Variability Adaptation Options in Adefwuha Watershed, Ethiopia. Earth Syst Environ 4, 359–368 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-020-00156-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-020-00156-8