Abstract
Urban land-use plan is regarded as a useful tool to achieve urban sustainable development. However, presently it is unclear that how well the Plan is being implemented and major factors contribute to the variation of its implementation in Adama city, Ethiopia. This research examines the extent to which Land-use plan of Adama city functioned from 2004 to 2014 has guided and controlled all spatial developments during planning period by measuring the degree to which actual land-use outcomes over a 10-year period conform to the Plan intention. Land-uses of the City as of 2004 and 2014 are mapped; conforming, nonconforming, and unfulfilled developments are identified through spatial overlay analysis in geographic information system environment; effectiveness of boundary containment and proposed land sufficiency are explored. The findings demonstrate that although the Plan proposed reasonable area, it has met difficulties to control and guide new spatial developments of housing land-uses followed by social services and total urban growth. The limitation is due to combined result of geographic variables, absence of regular monitoring and evaluation, lack of commitment, and political leadership influence. The study would support sustainable spatial policy and direction of spatial development with respect to sustainable urban environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Oliveira, V., & Pinho, P. (2009). Evaluating plans, processes and results. Planning Theory & Practice, 10(1), 35–63.
Oliveira, V., & Pinho, P. (2010). Evaluation in urban planning: Advances and prospects. Journal of Planning Literature, 24(4), 343–361.
Loh, C. G. (2011). Assessing and interpreting non-conformance in land-use planning implementation. Planning Practice & Research, 26, 271–287.
Alexander, E. R. (2006). Evaluation in planning: Evolution and prospects. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Baum, H. (2001). How should we evaluate community initiatives. Journal of the American Planning Association, 67, 147–158.
Scriven, M. (1967). The methodology of evaluation. In R. W. Tyler, R. M. Gagnë, & M. Scriven (Eds.), Perspectives of curriculum evaluation (pp. 39–83). Chicago: Rand McNally.
Snyder, B. L., & Coglianese, C. (2005). Measuring progress: Program evaluation of environmental policies. Environment, 47(2), 22–39.
Hockings, M., Holton, S., & Dudley, N. (2000). Evaluating effectiveness: A framework for assessing the management of protected areas Adrian Phillips Series. Gland: IUCN.
Carmona, M., & Sieh, L. (2008). Performance measurement in planning towards a holistic view. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26, 428–454.
Tian, L., & Shen, T. (2007). Evaluation of plan implementation in the transitional China: A case of Guangzhou City Master Plan. In 43rd ISOCARP Congress.
Laurian, L., Crawford, J., Day, M., Kouwenhoven, P., et al. (2010). Evaluating the outcomes of plans: Theory, practice, and methodology. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2010(37), 740–757.
Merga Mekonnen (2012). Evaluation of land use planning and implementation with respect to environmental issues in Sululta town. M.Sc Thesis in environmental planning and landscape design. Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development/EiABC/, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Yohannes Dukale (2012). Assessment of urban plan and design implementation and management in Ethiopian secondary towns: The case of Dilla. M.Sc thesis in environmental planning and landscape design. Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development/EiABC/Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Lunt, N., Davidson, C., & McKegg, K. (2003). Evaluating policy and practice: A New Zealand reader. Auckland: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Berke, P., Backhurst, M., Laurian, L., Day, M., Crawford, J., Ericksen, N., et al. (2006). What makes plan implementation successful? An evaluation of local plans and implementation practices in New Zealand. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 33, 581–600.
Day, M., Crawford, J., Kouwenhoven, P., Laurian L., Mason, G., Ericksen, N. (2008). Achieving anticipated environmental outcomes: How effective is the District Plan? Report on a methodological pilot on the evaluation of plan outcomes with regard to water quality in Papakura District’’, PUCM RMA Report number 3.
Laurian, L., Day, M., Backhurst, M., Berke, P., Ericksen, N., Crawford, J., et al. (2004). What drives plan implementation? Plans, planning agencies and developers. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 47, 555–577.
Laurian, L., Day, M., Berke, P., Ericksen, N., Backhurst, M., Crawford, J., et al. (2004). Evaluating plan implementation: A conformance-based methodology. Journal of the American Planning Association, 70, 471–480.
Alexander, E. R., & Faludi, A. (1989). Planning and plan implementation: Notes on evaluation criteria. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 16, 127–140.
Faludi, A., & Valk, V. (1994). Rule and order: Dutch planning doctrine in the twentieth century. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Mastop, H., & Faludi, A. (1997). Evaluation of strategic plans: The performance principle. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 24, 815–832.
Alterman, R., & Hill, M. (1978). Implementation of Urban land use plans. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 44(3), 274–285.
Nelson, A. C., & Moore, T. (1993). Assessing urban growth management: The case of Portland, Oregon, the USA’s largest urban growth boundary. Land Use Policy, 10(4), 293–302.
Bengston, D. N., Fletcher, J. O., & Nelson, K. C. (2004). Public policies for managing urban growth and protecting open space: Policy instruments and lessons learned in the United States. Landscape and urban planning, 69(2), 271–286.
Couch, C., & Karecha, J. (2006). Controlling urban sprawl: Some experiences from Liverpool. Cities, 23(5), 353–363.
Yang, J., & Zhou, J. X. (2007). The failure and success of greenbelt program in Beijing. Urban forestry & urban greening, 6(4), 287–296.
Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU) (2016). History of Adama City from its foundation to present (1919–2015).
Han, H. Y., Lai, S. K., Dang, A. R., Tan, Z. B., & Wu, C. F. (2009). Effectiveness of urban construction boundaries in Beijing: An assessment. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 10(9), 1285–1295.
Bhatta, B. (2010). Analysis of Urban growth and sprawl from remote sensing data. Advances in Geographic Information Science. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-05299-6_2.
Brody, S. D., Highfield, W. E., & Thornton, Sara. (2005). Planning at the urban fringe: An examination of the factors influencing nonconforming development patterns in southern Florida. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 33, 75–96.
Yang, X., & Lo, C. P. (2003). Modeling urban growth and landscape change for Atlanta metropolitan region. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 17(5), 463–488.
Zhong, T., Mitchell, B., & Huang, X. (2014). Success or failure: Evaluating the implementation of China’s National General Land Use Plan (1997–2010). Habitat International, 44, 93–101.
Acknowledgements
This research is granted by Adama Science and Technology University. The findings and opinions reported are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the funding organization.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bulti, D.T., Sori, N.D. Evaluating land-use plan using conformance-based approach in Adama city, Ethiopia. Spat. Inf. Res. 25, 605–613 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-017-0125-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-017-0125-3