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DNA–Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugates: Functional Magnetic Nanoplatforms in Biomedical Applications

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Abstract

The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), such as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), in biomedicine is considered to be a valuable alternative to the more traditional materials due to their chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, surface functionalization, and the possibility to selectively attach and transport targeted species to the desired location under a magnetic field. One of the many main applications of MNPs is DNA separation, which enables genetic material manipulation; consequently, MNPs are used in numerous biotechnological methods, such as gene transfection and molecular recognition systems. In addition, the interaction between the surfaces of MNPs and DNA molecules and the magnetic nature of the resulting composite have facilitated the development of safe and effective gene delivery vectors to treat significant diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders. Furthermore, the special recognition properties of nucleic acids based on the binding capacity of DNA and the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles allowing magnetic separation and concentration of analytes have led to the development of biosensors and diagnostic assays; however, both of these applications face important challenges in terms of the improvement of selective nanocarriers and biosensing capacity. In this review, we discuss some aspects of the properties and surface functionalization of MNPs, the interactions between DNA and IONPs, the preparation of DNA nanoplatforms and their biotechnological applications, such as the magnetic separation of DNA, magnetofection, preparation of DNA vaccines, and molecular recognition tools.

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Abbreviations

APTES:

(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane

CuAAC:

Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition

IONPs:

Iron oxide nanoparticles

MNPs:

Magnetic nanoparticles

ODN:

Oligonucleotide

PAMAM:

Polyamidoamine dendrimers

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEI:

Polyethylenimine

pHEMA:

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

PNA:

4-Pyridyldithiol-derivatized peptide nucleic acid

siRNAs:

Small interfering RNAs

ssDNA:

Single-stranded DNA

ssODN:

Single-stranded oligonucleotide

TEOS:

Tetraethyl orthosilane

TMOS:

Tetramethyl orthosilane

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  1. Laboratory of Bioinorganic (LBI), Department of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba

    José Raúl Sosa-Acosta, Claudia Iriarte-Mesa, Greter A. Ortega & Alicia M. Díaz-García

  2. Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

    José Raúl Sosa-Acosta

  3. Legaria Unit, Center for Applied Science and Advanced Technology of IPN, Mexico City, Mexico

    Greter A. Ortega

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This article is part of the Topical Collection “Surface-modified Nanobiomaterials for Electrochemical and Biomedicine Applications”; edited by “Alain R. Puente-Santiago, Daily Rodríguez-Padrón”.

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Sosa-Acosta, J.R., Iriarte-Mesa, C., Ortega, G.A. et al. DNA–Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugates: Functional Magnetic Nanoplatforms in Biomedical Applications. Top Curr Chem (Z) 378, 13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0277-9

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