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A global review of deep geothermal energy exploration: from a view of rock mechanics and engineering

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Abstract

Deep geothermal energy exploitation has gained a lot of attentions in energy field due to its large reserve. Enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is the only one mode to explore hot dry rock (HDR) with real engineering practice throughout the world. To date, it is also a topic facing several key issues among sustainable and renewable energies because no commercialized mode has been made. Rock plays an important role in deep geothermal energy exploitation because it is not only a carrier of heat energy but also provides artificial paths for heat exchange after stimulation. There are some practices and researches about rock drilling, stimulation and stability of fractures in deep geothermal engineering. This paper collected the results of the previous deep geothermal exploitation researches that relate to rock mechanics and engineering and summarized the experiences and lessons of deep geothermal energy exploitation from literatures. Some new thoughts like the mode based on EGS and pipe were also collected. Finally, the knowledge about deep geothermal energy exploitation has been derived. Despite of many works on HDR, some key issues still face challenges and need breakthrough. Therefore, deficiencies and prospection in future research were pointed out. The review results showed that the evolution and mechanism of HDR such as weathering, damage, cracking, failure and stability under multi-field coupling with the interaction of fluid is an important issue to be further studied and addressed.

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Abbreviations

t :

Temperature

\(t_{0}\) :

Initial temperature

\(t_{in}\) :

Injection temperature

\(\tau\) :

Time

\(\tau_{ 0}\) :

Cohesive strength of the sliding surface

\(\tau_{\text{crit}}\) :

Critical shear stress

\(\mu\) :

Coefficient of friction

\(\sigma_{\text{n}}\) :

Normal stress

\(\lambda_{R}\) :

Thermal conductivity of rock

\(\lambda_{W}\) :

Thermal conductivity of water

c R :

Specific heat capacity of rock

\(c_{W}\) :

Specific heat capacity of water

c F :

Specific heat capacity of fluid

\(\rho_{R}\) :

Density of rock

\(\rho_{F}\) :

Density of fluid

\(\rho_{W}\) :

Density of water

\(\mu_{W}\) :

Viscosity of water

\(\sigma\) :

Confining stress

\(\sigma_{e}\) :

Effective stress

P :

Pore pressure or fluid pressure

q :

Unit-width discharge

\(\beta\) :

Relative efficiencies of confining stress versus fluid pressure

k :

Permeability

W :

Fracture aperture

\(W_{0}\) :

Maximum aperture

i :

Dimensionless material constant

\(\gamma\) :

Material constant

\(E_{f}\) :

Effective modulus of the fracture asperities

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Acknowledgements

This research is financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (Grant No. 19JCZDJC39400).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China

    Yuliang Zhang & Gao-Feng Zhao

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  1. Yuliang Zhang
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  2. Gao-Feng Zhao
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Correspondence to Gao-Feng Zhao.

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Zhang, Y., Zhao, GF. A global review of deep geothermal energy exploration: from a view of rock mechanics and engineering. Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. 6, 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-019-00126-z

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