Abstract
This interactive essay serves as a research companion to support the reader in thinking and talking about equity in research design, implementation, and reporting in post-secondary mathematics education. The terms equity, diversity, inclusion, and social justice have entered the mathematics education research lexicon. Yet, researchers continue to face significant challenges in gaining a nuanced understanding of the various ideas associated with these words and how those ideas are consequential for research. The authors describe and illustrate tools for making sense of (and making sense with) “equity” as an essential component of research. The tools focus on self-aware communication, an essential component of enhancing mathematics education research with an equity lens. The authors offer a set of reflective questions, outline the call for courageous conversations in mathematics education research, and provide a tool for engaging in such conversations. The piece closes with suggestions for further reading and prompts for related challenging conversations about equity in rigorous research in post-secondary mathematics education.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Rather than discuss the political semantics of using the terms “color blindness” and “colormute,” we have left the original authors’ uses in quotes.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer.
References
Adiredja, A., Alexander, N., & Andrews-Larson, C. (2016). Conceptualizing equity in undergraduate mathematics education: Lessons from K-12 research. In T. Fukawa-Connelly, N. Infante, K. Keene, and M. Zandieh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education (pp. 60–73), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Adiredja, A., & Zandieh, M. (2017). Using intuitive examples from women of color to reveal nuances about basis. In In A. Weinberg, C. Rasmussen, J. Rabin, M. Wawro, and S. Brown (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education (pp. 346–359). San Diego, CA. Available online: https://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME20.pdf
Aguirre, J., Herbel-Eisenmann, B., Celedón-Pattichis, S., Civil, M., Wilkerson, T., Stephan, M., et al. (2017). Equity within mathematics education research as a political act: Moving from choice to intentional collective professional responsibility. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 48(2), 124–147.
Aguirre, J. & Civil, M. (Eds). (2016). Mathematics education: Through the lens of social justice [special issue]. Teaching for Excellence and Equity in Mathematics, 7(1).
Andersson, A., & le Roux, K. (2017). Toward an ethical attitude in mathematics education research writing. Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 10(1), 74–94. (Available online: http://ed-osprey.gsu.edu/ojs/index.php/JUME/article/view/303).
Annie E. Casey Foundation (2014). Race, equity, and inclusion action guide. Retrieved July 22, 2019 from https://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/AECF_EmbracingEquity7Steps-2014.pdf
Apfelbaum, E. P., Norton, M. I., & Sommers, S. R. (2012). Racial color blindness: Emergence, practice and implications. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(3), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411434980
Arao, B., & Clemens, K. (2013). From safe spaces to brave spaces: A new way to frame dialogue around diversity and social justice. In L. M. Landreman (Ed.), The art of effective facilitation: Reflections from social justice educators. Sterling: Stylus.
Beachum, F. (2020). Diversity and Multiculturalism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Retrieved 6 May. 2020, from https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-643.
Bennett, M. J. (2004). Becoming interculturally competent. In J. Wurzel (Ed.), Towards multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education (2nd ed., pp. 62–77). Newton: Intercultural Resource Corporation.
Berman, G., & Paradies, Y. (2010). Racism, disadvantage and multiculturalism: Towards effective anti-racist praxis. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 33(2), 214–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870802302272
Cai J., Hwang S., & Robison V. (2019) Journal for Research in Mathematics Education: Practical guides for promoting and disseminating significant research in mathematics education. In G. Kaiser, & N. Presmeg (Eds), Compendium for early career researchers in mathematics education. ICME-13 Monographs. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15636-7_21.
D’Ambrosio, B., Frankenstein, M., Gutiérrez, R., Kastberg, S., Martin, D. B., Moschkovich, J., et al. (2013). JRME Equity Special Issue. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 44(1).
Davis, M. K., Hauk, S., & Latiolais, P. (2009). Culturally responsive college mathematics. In B. Greer, S. Nelson-Barber, A. Powell, & S. Mukhopadhyay (Eds.), Culturally responsive mathematics education (pp. 345–372). Mahwah: Erlbaum.
Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York: NYU Press.
Foote, M. Q., & Bartell, T. G. (2011). Pathways to equity in mathematics education: How life experiences impact researcher positionality. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 78(1), 45–68.
Gutiérrez, R. (2013). The sociopolitical turn in mathematics education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 44, 37–68.
Gutiérrez R. (2012). Context matters: How should we conceptualize equity in mathematics education? In B. Herbel-Eisenmann, J. Choppin, D. Wagner, & D. Pimm (Eds), Equity in discourse for mathematics education. Mathematics Education Library, Vol 55. Dordrecht: Springer.
Gutstein, E., Fey, J. T., Heid, M. K., DeLoach-Johnson, I., Middleton, J. A., Larson, M., et al. (2005). Equity in school mathematics education: How can research contribute? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 36, 92–100.
Harvey, J. (2017). Raising White kids: Bringing up children in a racially unjust America. Nashville: United Methodist Publishing House.
Hauk, S., Toney, A., Judd, A. B., & Salguero, K. (2017). Research in courses before calculus through the lens of social justice. In A. Weinberg, C. Rasmussen, J. Rabin, M. Wawro, and S. Brown (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education (pp. 1068–1079). San Diego, CA. Available online: https://sigmaa.maa.org/rume/RUME20.pdf
Hauk, S., & Toney, A. (2016). Communication, culture, and work in mathematics education in departments of mathematical sciences. In J. Dewar, P. Hsu, & H. Pollatsek (Eds.), Mathematics education: A spectrum of work in mathematical sciences departments (pp. 11–26). New York: Springer.
Herbel-Eisenmann, B. A., Wagner, D., Johnson, K. R., Suh, H., & Figueras, H. (2015). Positioning in mathematics education: Revelations on an imported theory. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 89(2), 185–204.
Kempf, A. (2012). Colour-blind praxis in Havana: Interrogating Cuban teacher discourses of race and racelessness. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 16(2), 246–267.
Mawhinney, L., & Rinke, C. R. (2019). There has to be a better way: Lessons from former urban teachers. New York: Rutgers University Press.
Nasir, N. (2016). Why should mathematics educators care about race and culture? Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 9(1), 7–18.
Ono, K. A. (2010). Postracism: A theory of the ‘post-’ as political strategy. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 34, 227–233.
Pollock, M. (2004). Colormute: Race talk dilemmas in an American high school. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Singh, A. A. (2019). The racial healing handbook: Practical activities to help you challenge privilege, confront systemic racism, and engage in collective healing. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications. Excerpt for Extension 4 reading: https://nmaahc.si.edu/sites/default/files/downloads/resources/racialhealinghandbook_p87to94.pdf.
Singleton, G. E., & Linton, C. (2006). A field guide for achieving equity in schools: Courageous conversations about race. Thousand Oaks: Corwin.
Tate, W. F., & D’Ambrosio, B. S. Eds (1997).Equity, reform, and research in mathematics education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 28(6), 650–782
TODOS: Mathematics for ALL and the National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics (2016). Mathematics education through the lens of social justice: Acknowledgement, Actions, and Accountability. Joint position statement. Available at https://www.todos-math.org/socialjustice
Walton, J., Priest, N., & Paradies, Y. (2013). “It depends how you’re saying it”: The conceptual complexities of everyday racism. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 7(1), 74–90.
Warikoo, N., Sinclair, S., Fei, J., & Jacoby-Senghor, D. (2016). Examining racial bias in education: A new approach. Educational Researcher, 45(9), 508–514.
Acknowledgements
Our profound thanks go to the colleagues who contributed their time and energy to conversations and reviews of drafts of this essay and to the patient and immensely helpful reviewers of the manuscript as it was prepared for publication. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. DUE-1625215 and DUE-1432381.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hauk, S., Toney, A.F., Brown, A. et al. Activities for Enacting Equity in Mathematics Education Research. Int. J. Res. Undergrad. Math. Ed. 7, 61–76 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40753-020-00122-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40753-020-00122-9