Abstract
Currently, the developments and demands on high-capacity/high-power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasing owing to the advances in the eco-friendly electric vehicle industry. To improve the power and capacity of LIBs without changing material characteristics such as diffusivity and conductivity, it is effective to optimize design variables such as the electrode thickness, porosity, and active particle size. In this study, optimization to maximize the specific energy density was performed using the LIB electrochemical model and global optimization, which does not require gradient calculation. For many factors that affect the LIB power and capacity performance, major design variables were selected by performing sensitivity analysis using design of experiments. In addition, optimization was performed using the micro-genetic algorithm, which does not include mutation operation. Owing to the optimization, the anode/cathode capacity ratio was improved and the polarization phenomenon decreased, thereby increasing the specific energy density without changing the power performance compared with the initial design.
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Abbreviations
- \(a\) :
-
Ion number
- \(j_{n}\) :
-
Local current density (A/m2)
- \(k\) :
-
Electronic conductivity (S/m)
- \(\phi\) :
-
Electrical potential (V)
- \(R_{c}\) :
-
Gas constant, 8.314 [J/(mol K)]
- \(T\) :
-
Absolute temperature (K)
- \(F\) :
-
Faraday’s constant, 96,487 (C/mol)
- \(f_{ \pm }\) :
-
Average molar activity coefficient
- \(c\) :
-
Li concentration (mol/m3)
- \(t_{ + }\) :
-
Transport number of Li+
- \(r\) :
-
Radial distance from the center of electrode active particle (μm)
- \(D\) :
-
Diffusivity (m2/s)
- \(i\) :
-
Current density (A/m2)
- \(N_{0}\) :
-
Li+ flux (mol/m2 s)
- \(\eta\) :
-
Local surface overpotential (V)
- \(E_{cell}\) :
-
Specific energy density (Wh/kg)
- \(M_{cell}\) :
-
Mass of cell (kg)
- \(A_{cell}\) :
-
Cross-sectional area of cell
- \(V_{cell}\) :
-
Electric potential of cell
- \(\gamma\) :
-
Density (kg/m3)
- \(t\) :
-
Thickness (m)
- \(\varepsilon\) :
-
Porosity
- 1:
-
Solid phase
- 2:
-
Liquid phase
- n:
-
Negative electrode
- p:
-
Positive electrode
- s:
-
Separator
- el:
-
Electrolyte
- eff:
-
Effective value
- app:
-
Applied
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This research was supported by Konkuk University in 2016.
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Lee, DC., Lee, KJ. & Kim, CW. Optimization of a Lithium-Ion Battery for Maximization of Energy Density with Design of Experiments and Micro-genetic Algorithm. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. 7, 829–836 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-019-00106-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-019-00106-4