Abstract
The true adoption of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) should allow for information about individual learners to be fed forward from Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) to Graduate Medical Education (GME). An obstetrics and gynecology residency preparation elective for senior medical students was utilized to create a milestone-based educational handover that reported individual learner performance for 25 of the 28 level one milestones. The authors describe the process and the questions that arose about the implications of reporting competency-based information for learners of all levels. The authors posit that CBME will be a transformative shift only if barriers of communication can be broken down between UME and GME.
References
ASME (Association of Medical Schools in Europe). AMSE policy on the Bologna Process and Medical Education: Berlin 2010. In: Declarations on Policy and Practice for medical schools in Europe. 2010. http://www.amse-med.eu/files/amse_declarations_complete.pdf. Accessed 10 Feb 2016.
Cooke M, Irby D, Obrien B. Educating physicians: a call for reform of medical school and residency. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2010.
Carraccio C, Englander R, VanMelle E, ten Cate O, Lockyer J, Chan M, Frank JR, Snell L. Advancing competency-based medical education: a charter for Clinican-Educators. Acad Med. 2016;91(5):645–849.
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Milestones. In: Program and Institutional Accreditation. https://www.acgme.org/acgmeweb/tabid/430/ProgramandInstitutionalAccreditation/NextAccreditationSystem/Milestones.aspx. Accessed 8 Feb 2016.
Hom J, Richman I, Hall P, Ahuja N, Harman S, Harrington R, Witteles R. The state of medical student performance evaluations: improved transparency or continued objuscation? Acad Med 2015. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001034.
Shea JA, O'Grady E, Morrison G, Wagner BR, Morris JB. Medical student performance evaluations in 2005: an improvement over the former dean's letter? Acad Med. 2008;83(3):284–91.
Stohl HE, Hueppchen NA, Bienstock J. Can medical school performance predict residency performance? Resident selection and predictors of successful performance in obstetrics and gynecology. J Grad Med Educ. 2010;2(3):322–6.
American Board of Surgery; American College of Surgeons; Association of Program Directors in Surgery; Association for Surgical Education. Statement on surgical preresidency preparatory courses. J Surg Educ. 2014;71(6):777–8.
Teo AR, Harleman E, O’Sullivan P, Maa J. The key role of a transition course in preparing medical students for internship. Acad Med. 2011;86(7):860–5.
Peyre SE, Peyre CG, Sullivan ME, Towfigh S. A surgical skills elective can improve student confidence prior to internship. J Surg Res. 2006;133(1):11–5.
Tocco N, Brunsvold M, Kabbani L, Lin J, Stansfield B, Mueller D, et al. Innovation in internship preparation: an operative anatomy course increases senior medical students’ knowledge and confidence. Am J Surg. 2013;206(2):269–79.
Antonoff MB, Swanson JA, Green CA, Mann BD, Maddaus MA, D’Cunha J. The significant impact of a competency-based preparatory course for senior medical students entering surgical residency. Acad Med. 2012;87(3):308–19.
Morgan HK, Marzano D, Lanham M, Stein S, Curran D, Hammoud M. Preparing medical students for obstetrics and gynecology milestone level one: a description of a pilot curriculum. Med Educ Online. 2014;19:25746.
Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics. APGO Preparation for Residency Knowledge Assessment Tool. In: Resident Resources. https://www.apgo.org/resident/prep-res.html. Accessed 3 Feb 2016.
Goova MT, Hollett LA, Tesfay ST, Gala RB, Pizziferri N, Kehdy FJ, Scott DJ. Implementation, construct validity and benefit of a proficiency-based knot-tying and suturing curriculum. J Surg Educ. 2008;65(4):309–15.
Skinner B, Morgan HK, Kobernik E, Kamdar N, Curran D, Marzano D, Hammoud M. The decision to incision curriculum: teaching preoperative skills and achieving level 1 milestones. J Surg Educ. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2016.02.012.
Morgan HK, Bell C, Bailey J, Crane T, Hammoud M. A paging curriculum to prepare learners for obstetrics and gynecology residencies. MedEdPORTAL Publications. 2015. doi:10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10142.
Santen SA, Rademacher N, Heron SL, Khandelwal S, Hauff S, Hopson L. How competent are emergency medicine interns for level 1 milestones: who is responsible? Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(7):736–9.
Sozener CB, Lypson ML, House JB, Hopson LR, Dooley-Hash SL, Hauff S, Eddy M, Fisher JP, Santen S. Reporting achievement of medical student milestones to residency program directors: an educational handover. Acad Med. 2015.
Lurie SJ, Mooney CJ, Lyness JM. Measurement of the general competencies of the accreditation council for graduate medical education: a systematic review. Acad Med. 2009;84:301–9.
Frank JR, Mungroo R, Ahmad Y, Wang M, De Rosse S, Horsley T. Toward a definition of competency-based education in medicine: a systematic review of published definitions. Med Teach. 2010;32:631–7.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Ms. Sarah Block for her assistance with the editing and preparation of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
All 16 students enrolled in the course in 2015 provided written informed consent allowing the mMSPEs to be sent to their future PDs. The University of Michigan Medical School’s IRB determined this project to be exempt.
Funding
None
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morgan, H., Skinner, B., Marzano, D. et al. Bridging the Continuum: Lessons Learned from Creating a Competency-Based Educational Handover in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Med.Sci.Educ. 26, 443–447 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-016-0266-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-016-0266-3