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Poliomyelitis

Aktuelle Aspekte im arbeitsmedizinischen Kontext

Poliomyelitis

Current aspects in occupational medical issues

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An Erratum to this article was published on 21 June 2016

Zusammenfassung

Poliomyelitis (PM) ist eine virale Infektionskrankheit und wird durch das Poliovirus (PV) hervorgerufen. Die Bezeichnung Kinderlähmung entstand, da häufig Klein- und Schulkinder an der PM erkrankten. Die meisten Infektionen (> 95 %) verlaufen asymptomatisch. 0,1–1 % entwickeln eine Paralyse, die jedoch teilweise vollständig reversibel ist. Zur Diagnostik werden Proben aus Rachenspülwasser, Stuhl, Blut oder Liquor herangezogen. Mittels serologischem Antikörpernachweis (ELISA) oder PCR kann dann der direkte wie indirekte Nachweis der Infektion erfolgen. Seit 1954 gibt es eine präventive Schutzimpfung, die im Laufe der Jahre jedoch eine Anpassung erfahren hat. Diese Übersicht beinhaltet die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zum Thema PM unter besonderer Berücksichtigung arbeitsmedizinischer Aspekte.

Abstract

Poliomyelitis (PM) is an infectious viral disease caused by the poliovirus (PV). The term infantile paralysis was originally coined due to the propensity of the virus to affect children. Approximately 95 % of people who are affected by the virus are asymptomatic. Only 0.1–1 % of infected people show a certain degree of paralysis, which is however in some cases completely reversible. The diagnosis is usually made from samples of pharyngeal lavages, stool specimens, blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples. Direct or indirect detection of PV infections is carried out by serological antibody detection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The first protective PM vaccine was developed in 1954 but has been modified over the course of time. This review outlines the current knowledge about PM with particular attention given to occupational medical issues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    N. Schöffel, U. Drews, M. H. K. Bendels, D. Brüggmann & D. A. Groneberg

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  1. N. Schöffel
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  2. U. Drews
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  3. M. H. K. Bendels
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  4. D. Brüggmann
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  5. D. A. Groneberg
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Correspondence to N. Schöffel.

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Interessenkonflikt

N. Schöffel, U. Drews, M.H.K. Bendels, D. Brüggmann und D.A. Groneberg geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Additional information

Diese Arbeit ist Bestandteil eines Promotionsverfahrens von Frau U. Drews.

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Schöffel, N., Drews, U., Bendels, M.H.K. et al. Poliomyelitis. Zbl Arbeitsmed 66, 92–94 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40664-016-0090-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40664-016-0090-z

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